Hearing and Dentistry

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22 Terms

1
Hearing (parts of ear )
Outer + Middle + Inner ear
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2
Balance (parts of ear)
Inner ear
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3
Balance Controlled by:
3 semicircular canals positioned at right angles (like a gyroscope)

\-sense changes in body movement as hair cells move, send signal to brain
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4
Balance abnormalities
\
• Vertigo (room spinning) \n • Meniere's Disease \n • Labyrinthitis
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5
Eustachian Tubes
\
PURPOSE: \n 1. Pressure equalization \n 2. Mucus drainage from middle ear \n - Ear infections are more common in children
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6
Eustachian Tube infection (inner ear infection)
• Bacteria can be trapped if tube swells because of colds or allergies \n • Ear infection can push onto eardrum, causing pain \n • Treatment: antibiotics, time, surgery
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7
Outer ear infection treatments

-infection caused by bacteria and fungi

Treatment:

  1. Wild ginger, roots crushed and liquid poured directly into ear.

  2. Yarrow, entire plant steeped and liquid poured directly into ear

  3. white milkwort, roots boiled and liquid poured directly into ear

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8
Wild ginger active compound
Aristolochic acid, antimicrobial
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9
Yarrow active compound
\
possibly terpenes (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory)
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10
While milkwort active compound

  1. Saponins \n - cleansing, anti-inflammatory

  2. Methyl salicylate \n - analgesic

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11
Tinnitus definition
defn: Variable noise in the ear in absence of external sounds \n - Sporadic or continuous
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12
Tinnitus is caused by
\- Caused by ear infections, drugs, heart disorders, some antimalarials, repeated exposure to loud noises
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13
Tinnitus can cause
Insomnia, lack of concentration, depression, headache
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14
Tinnitus treatment
Gingko, can reduce intensity of noise but clinical studies inconclusive
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15
Caries definition
\
Bacterial infections of the tooth surfaces (enamel and dentin) leading to loss of calcium and cavities.
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16
Teeth cleaning in the West
Toothbrush + Paste \n - nylon bristles starting in 1938 \n - previous versions had boar bristles
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17
Teeth cleaning in non-Western countries
\-Chewing stick

\-Twigs, stems, roots
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18
Common Chewing Stick Species:
  1. Neem

  2. Arak

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19
Chew Stick Use
\
) Stick is selected – 15-20 cm in length \n 2) Stick is washed if fresh or soaked if using dried wood (Fibers are softened)

3) End is converted to brush (gnawed or pounded) \n 4) Teeth and gums thoroughly cleaned (sometimes tongue) \n 5) Stick often sucked for several hours after brushing
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20
Chew stick efficacy
  • Twigs contain: silica, tannins, resins, alkaloids, chloride

  • Tests of aqueous stick extracts show that some species have antimicrobial activity

  • Neem contains medically significant amount of fluoride \n WHO recommends use of chewing sticks.

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21
Gum arabic
  • Resin

  • Contains complex polysaccharides (antibiotic)

  • Treats bacterial and fungal infections of mouth and skin

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22
Toothache treatment
P. darienense - Central America

P. corcovadensis - Brazil

Stems chewed, local anesthetic
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