FORENSIC SCIENCE CH 3

Forensic Database

This database consists of a microcomputer, an image scanning device and storage capability for thousands of images of shoe prints.

NamUs

This was created in 2007 as a national centralized repository and resource center for missing persons and unidentified records.

paint

Which one below is "NOT" an example of biological materials?

tool marks

Which is NOT an example of impressions

bite marks

Which one below is "NOT" an example of manufactured items?

bite marks

Which one below is NOT a type of physical evidence that has to do with manufactured items?

DNA

Which one below is NOT a type of physical evidence that has to do with impressions?

safeguard Americans against excessive punishment

What is the 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States?

physical evidence

Which type of evidence, in general, is most reliable?

BATF

Who maintains (takes care of) The National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN)?

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms

what does BATF stand for?

perishable foods

Which is a type of transient evidence?

forensic index

This is contains profiles from unsolved crime-scene evidence.

90 mins

How long will it take investigators to get a DNA profile from a buccal swab or a swab containing evidential DNA?

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

When forensic scientists need to look at objects too small to the naked eye, they will use all the below microscopes with the exception of this one. Which microscope will NOT be used?

Polarizing light microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Stereomicroscope

When forensic scientists need to look at objects too small to the naked eye, they will use all the below microscopes. Which microscopes WILL be used?

lights on/off

Which is an example of conditional evidence:

composite

Computerized facial images are also known a

odor

All are types of tissues that can be used for DNA testing with the exception of...

680 Million

IAFIS is a national finger print and criminal history database maintained by the FBI that has an index of how many known prints.

statistics

Which is not a type of physical evidence?

flies and beetles

These are types of insects that are helpful in a murder investigation:

plastic bags

Which one below is NOT a type of physical evidence that is biological material

comparison

This is a process of ascertaining whether two or more objects have a common origin

offender index

This is contains profiles of nearly 3,000,000 convicted or arrested individuals.

control sample

This is material that is similar to the questioned and known samples; is used to validate the test method and procedure.

identification

This is process of determining a substance's physical or chemical identity.

rebuttal evidence

It is offered to contradict or disprove evidence presented by the other side (either by the prosecuting attorney or defendant's attorney)

class evidence

These are materials that can be associated only with a group of items that share properties or characteristics. ?

witnesses

All are examples of physical evidence except:

CODIS

This is an electronically exchange and compare DNA profiles in all fifty states.

probative value

The ability of evidence is to prove something that is material to a crime.

product rule

This is a formula for determining how frequently a certain combination of characteristics can occur in a population.

testimonial evidence

Which form of evidence refers to what is said in court by a competent witness

forensic index

This contains profiles from unsolved crime-scene evidence, based on suggestion rather than personal knowledge or observation.

circumstantial evidence

Evidence that provides only a basis for inference about the disputed fact.

fingerprint

This is an impression left on any surface that consists of patterns made by the ridges on a finger:

rapid DNA

This term has become part of the lingo of forensic science and describes approaches for quickly obtaining a DNA profile from a buccal swab.

circumstantial evidence

This is evidence based on suggestion rather than personal knowledge or observation.

once the body is buried (or cremated) evidence may not be available

Why should evidence collected from a victim be sent to the lab immediately?

A complete list of everyone who touched an object is needed so that all witnesses can be interrogated.

Which of the below is NOT a purpose of Chain of Custody (COC) documentation?

NIBIN

This agency allows firearms analyst to acquire, digitize, and compare markings made by firearms on bullets and cartridge casings.

physical evidence

Tangible items that tend to prove some material fact; also called real evidence.

transient evidence

This is a term used in criminal forensics to indicate elements of physical evidence that might be expected to degrade or disappear within a particular

pattern evidence

This is produced by direct contact between a person and an object or between two objects.

associative evidence

This can be used to provide links between evidence and individuals involved in a crime. An example would be fingerprints or personal belongings.

conditional evidence

This is produced by a specific event or action; important in crime scene reconstruction and in determining the set of circumstances or sequence within a particular event

TRUE

Each type of evidence requires different tests.

FALSE

Plastic bags are an example of physical evidence that belong to the biological materials.

FALSE

A glove is a good example of physical evidence in manufactured items.

FALSE

Group categories is when evidence is associated with a single source.

TRUE

Another name for DNA is the double helix and the twisted ladder.

loops, whorls, arches

What are 3 main types of fingerprints?

hair, fingernails, bones, teeth, and bodily fluids

What are 5 types of tissues used for DNA testing?

age, sex, race, statute (height/build)

What are 4 things that can be determined from skeletal remains?

alcohol, poison, drugs

What are 3 things that vomit and urine be tested for?

offender index

contains profiles of convicted/arrested individuals

forensic database

makes it much easier link a suspect to the commission of a crime through comparative analysis of evidence.

forensic index

source of CODIS called ____contains DNA profiles from unsolved crime scene evidence.

PDQ

stands for International Forensic and Automotive Paint Data Query

National Integrated Ballistics Information Network

What database compares markings by firearms on bullets and cartridge casings? (

SICAR

Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval

Saliva and Bodily fluids

What can be tested for DNA

5th amendment

What amendment prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy and mandates due process of law.

4th amendment

What amendment protects people from unlawful searches and seizures. This means that the police can't search you or your house without a warrant or probable cause.

8th amendment

What amendment protects from excessive punishments which it must be fair, cannot be cruel, and that fines that are extraordinarily large cannot be set?

individual evidence

This is the ridge characteristics of fingerprints.

class evidence

These are random glass fragments.

class

These include artificial fibers.

individual

These are markings on a bullet.

class

Paint chips from a car.

individual

A shoe print was found at the scene of a hit and run automobile accident.

class

Blood is recovered from a crime scene that tests show it is a type B blood type.

individual

If the same small piece of paper were torn into four pieces,

class

A pair of latex gloves was found at the scene of a robbery. A box of the same brand of latex gloves was found at a suspect's home.

individual

A torn T-shirt was found in the back seat of a suspect's car. Two pieces of torn cloth were found at the scene of the crime and they matched the suspect's shirt in the car.

envelope

cell phone evidence should be packaged in..

integrity seal

fingerprint evidence should be packaged in..

paper bag

sweater evidence should be packaged in..

ziploc bag

nuts and bolts evidence should be packaged in..

airtight metal can

burnt wood evidence should be packaged in..

lochard exchange

this is whenever two objects come in contact with one another, a cross transfer of physical evidence occurs. The intensity, duration, and nature of the materials in contact determine the extent of the transfer.

testimonial evidence

is said in court by a competent witness; also called prima facie.

physical evidence

Tangible items that tend to prove some material fact; also called real evidence.

individual characteristics

are properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source with an extremely high degree of certainty.

comparison

the process of ascertaining whether two or more objects have a common origin.

question sample

Material that has been collected from a known location but is of unknown origin.

product rule

This is a formula for determining how frequently a certain combination of characteristics can occur in a population.

hearsay

Testimony given by a witness who relates what others have said.

identification

is the process of determining a substance's physical or chemical distinctiveness.

individual evidence

Material that can be related to a single source; always involves comparison.