Biology - Unit 1.1 - Chemical elements

Magnesiums use in living organism?

component of chloryphyll which is essential for photosynthesis in plants

needed for ATPase to work

Phosphorus use in living organisms?

Making of nucleotides for ATP

Making phospholipds for membranes

Sulfur use in living organism?

Making amino acids

Calcium use in living organisms?

component of bones and teeth for stucture in mammals.

component of plant cell walls for structure in plants

helps nerve function and musclular contraction

Iron use in living organisms?

component of haemoglobin to transport oxygen in red blood cells

electron carriers in photosynthesis/respirtation

What are 5 uses of water?

solvent, metabolite, support, transportation, thermoregulation

What is cohesion in water?

Water molecule form H- bond with the H+ molecule and an O-molecule from a different water molecule, this is called cohesion.

Important for transporting water against gravity in plants.

Creates invisible film on body of water for insects to walk across

What is hydrophilic?

Soluble in water

What is hydrophobic?

Insoluble in water

What is an isomer?

same molecule formula, diff. structure

What monosaccharides are present in Maltose?

alpha glucose + alpha glucose

What monosaccharides are present in Sucrose?

alpha glucose + fructose

What monosaccharides are present in Lactose?

beta glucose + galactose

4 examples of polysaccharides?

Glycogen

Starch

Cellulose

Chitin

Describe polyscaccharides and their solubility

They are insoluble in water bc of large size, so no osmotic effect on cells - suitible storage substances and building materials for cell structure

4 examples of lipids?

Triglycerides

phospholipds

steroids

waxes

Describe the polarity/solubility of lipids

non-polar so are insoluble in water but can dissolve in alcohol

Give 3 functions of lipids

triglycerides act as energy stores in plant seeds/animals bc of more C-H bonds compared to carbs

layer of lipid under skin for thermal insulation

phospholipids are components of cell membranes

What happens when theres too much fat in the diet?

Too much fat(saturated) increase low density lipoprotien cholesterol levels in blood which increases the chances of atheromas in coronary arteries

Describe saturated fatty acids

carbon atoms are bound to maximum nunmber od hydrogen atoms and there are no double carbon-carbom covalent bonds

Describe unsaturated fatty acids

carbon atoms are not bound to maximum number of hydrogen atoms and there are double carbon-carbon covalent bonds

What are 7 roles of protiens

enzymes

transport

contractile protiens

membrane protiens

structual protiens

immunoprotiens

hormones

How many different types of protiens are there?

20

What happens at the pH of. 7 to amino acids?

it can gain extra H+ ion on amino acid end to be positively changed and lose an H- ion on carboxylic acid end to be negatively charged. A zwitterion

Whats the charge on an amino acid with acidic side chains?

negative charge due to an extra carboxylic group in side chain

Whats the charge on an amino acid with basic side chains?

Positive charge due to extra amine group in side chain

What are two examples of fibrous protiens?

Keratin and collegen

What are two examples of globluar protiens?

Haemoglobin and enzymes