pionners in medicine 30-40

Helen Brooke Tassing

American doctor, considered the founder of modern pediatric cardiology, developed a shunting procedure for blue baby syndrome.

Virginia Apgar

American obstetrical anesthesiologist, inventor of the Apgar Score to assess the health of newborns.

Sir William Osler

Canadian physician known as the father of modern medicine, revolutionized medical education and created significant medical textbooks.

Sir Joseph Lister

British surgeon who founded antiseptic medicine and drastically reduced gangrene infections through sterilization techniques.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

Ancient Arab physician and philosopher, wrote the 'Canon of Medicine' and employed quarantine strategies for disease control.

Hippocrates

Greek physician known as the father of medicine, best remembered for the Hippocratic Oath.

Herbert Needleman

American pediatrician who researched lead poisoning and created policies to decrease lead in children's blood.

Elizabeth Blackwell

First woman in the U.S. to receive a medical degree in 1849, founded the New York Infirmary for Women and Children.

Marie Curie

Polish physicist and chemist known for her discoveries of radioactivity and elements radium and polonium.

Sigmund Freud

Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis, introduced free association and focused on repressed mental states.