Untitled Flashcards Set

What is Clinical Depression?

A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities.

Symptoms of Clinical Depression

Changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

Key differences between normal low moods and Clinical Depression

Clinical depression lasts for at least two weeks, significantly impairs functioning, and involves more intense symptoms.

Mania

A state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy levels.

Symptoms of Mania

Increased activity or energy, euphoria or irritability, grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, distractibility, and impulsive behaviors.

Hypomania

A milder form of mania without significant impairment in social or occupational functioning.

What are Mood Disorders?

A category of mental health issues involving significant mood disturbances.

What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?

Depression related to seasonal changes, typically winter.

Major Depressive Episode

A period of at least two weeks with significant depressive symptoms.

Anhedonia

Inability to feel pleasure.

What neurotransmitters are involved in mood regulation?

Serotonin and Norepinephrine.

Primary treatment for Bipolar Disorder

Medication, including mood stabilizers and antipsychotics.

Differences between Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorders

Bipolar I involves at least one manic episode, while Bipolar II involves at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode.

Course and Prognosis of Bipolar Disorder

Typically chronic with episodes of mania/hypomania and depression; prognosis varies with treatment.

Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Depressed mood, anhedonia, significant weight change, insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, diminished concentration, recurrent thoughts of death.

Double Depression

The occurrence of a major depressive episode on top of a persistent depressive disorder.

What is Learned Helplessness?

A theory that depression results from a perceived lack of control over outcomes.

Effective therapies for Major Depressive Disorder

Combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes.

Prevalence of suicide among individuals with depression

60-70% of suicides are committed by those with depression.

What are Shneidman's 4 types of suicide?

Anomic, Fatalistic, Altruistic, and Communal suicide.

What is Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)?

Chronic depressive mood lasting at least two years with less severe symptoms than MDD.

Characteristics of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Severe depressive symptoms occurring in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Condition leading to severe and chronic irritability in children

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD).