knes 383- module 4 motivation

Define motivation and its components

The direction and intensity of one's effort.

Direction of Effort: Whether a person is attracted to/approaches situations.

Intensity of Effort: How much effort is put into the approached situation.

5 guidelines for enhancing motivation

1. Set clear and achievable goals.

   2. Provide feedback and recognition.

   3. Create a supportive environment.

   4. Foster intrinsic motivation.

   5. Encourage self-reflection and autonomy.

three approaches to motivation

1. Trait centered view- motivated behavior a function of individual characteristic

2. Situational centered view- motivated behavior a function of situation

3. Interactional view- motivated behavior a function of person and situation
- primary approach people take when examining motivation in sport/ exercise science

Intrinsic motivation

behaviors are performed b/c of their inherent satisfaction ex. kids playing in snow b/c they find pure enjoyment

Extrinsic motivation

engaging in an activity primarily due to external rewards or pressures, such as praise, trophies, or grades, rather than an internal desire to participate in the activity itself; essentially, doing something for a reason outside of the inherent enjoyment of the activity.

autonomy

the ability to make one's own choices and decisions in a given context, promoting a sense of control and ownership over actions.

competence

the ability to effectively perform tasks and achieve goals in a specific context, often leading to increased self-efficacy and motivation.

relatedness

the need to feel connected to others and to experience a sense of belonging within social groups, which enhances motivation and well-being.

categories of extrinsic motivation

-external regulation: behavior is completely controlled by external sources, rewards, money, promotion, endorsement

-introjected regulation: motivated by internal pressures that regulated by external continguies.

-identified regulation: “i should clean the meatloaf to bite me”

-intergrated regulation: “i dont need things. i am happy”

self-determination theory

begins by making an important distinctionbetween intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, emphasizing the role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in fostering motivation and personal growth.

Important distinction #1 in self-determination theory

autonomous motivation: describes or names what you’re doing and when you’re feeling a full sense of willingness, volition and choice whatever the activity is it you’re doing it with a real sense of interest, enjoyment, value

important distinction #2 in self-determination theory

controlled motivation: characterized by feelings of pressure and obligation, where actions are driven by external demands or internalized pressures.

psychological consequences of self-determination theory

include enhanced well-being, increased motivation, and improved performance in various domains of life.

Achievement Motivation

is the drive to excel and succeed in tasks, often influenced by personal goals and the desire for mastery. It can significantly impact one's motivation and performance.

-links personality w/ a degree of competitiveness (how competitive are you)

Factors in achievement motivation

include intrinsic motivation, goal orientation, and perceived competence, which influence how individuals approach challenges and pursue success.

-generated through a combination of personality and situational factors(situation=probability of success & the incentive value of success)

need achievement theory

is a psychological framework that explains how individuals are motivated to achieve success based on their needs for achievement, affiliation, and power. It emphasizes the role of personal goals and the desire to excel in driving motivation and behavior.

5 interactional factors in need achievement theory

-personality

-situational

-resultant/behavioral tendencies

-emotional reactions

-achievement related behaviors

High Achievers/Low Achievers

high need to achieve: more inclined + competitive

low achievers: success is less likely

attribution theory

how people explain their successes and failures ex. blame lost on lack of fans

Attribution examples psychological result

-ability (more skillful)

-effort (tried hard)(unstable)

-task difficulty (opponents are #1)(stable)

achievement goal theory

individuals are motivated by "their " interpretation of what it takes to achieve success

-task oriented- focus on self improvement, learning or mastering task ( positive way of being motivated and achieving success)

- ego oriented- focused on beating other, making comparison to others

-mindset is situation specific

behavioral outcomes for achievement goal theory

ego orientation: difficulty maintaining high perceived competence b/c constantly comparing themselves to others

-demonstrate low achievement behavioral pattern

-performs less well in evaluative situations

task orientation: leads to strong work ethic b/c focusing on process and master of learning a new skill or achieving a goal

-protects against rollercoaster of emotions

-set moderate to difficult/realistic tasks