apush ch 11

war of 1812

a military conflict between the United States and Great Britain (1812-1815) primarily caused by British maritime practices, including the impressment of American sailors and restrictions on American trade

Battle of New Orleans

a decisive American victory in the War of 1812, led by General Andrew Jackson on January 8, 1815, where a diverse American force repelled a larger, well-trained British army defending a crucial port

Treaty of Ghent

the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain

Hartford Convention

a meeting of New England Federalist Party leaders to voice grievances against the War of 1812 and the federal government's policies, proposing constitutional amendments to limit federal power and advocate for regional interests

Rush-Bagot agreement

a treaty that limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, demilitarizing the U.S.-Canadian border

Tariff of 1816

the first protective tariff in U.S. history, enacted to shield nascent American industries from cheap British imports after the War of 1812

American System

an economic plan championed by Henry Clay and the Whig Party in the early 19th century, consisting of three main components: protective tariffs to support American industry, a national bank to stabilize currency and promote trade, and internal improvements (like roads and canals) to link the nation's economy

Era of Good Feelings

the period from roughly 1815 to 1825, characterized by a sense of national unity, optimism, and one-party dominance of the Democratic-Republicans after the War of 1812

Panic of 1819

the United States' first major financial crisis, characterized by a sharp economic downturn, bank failures, and widespread unemployment, largely caused by post-War of 1812 speculation and declining European demand for American goods, exacerbated by the Second Bank of the United States' tighter credit policies

Land Act of 1820

a U.S. federal law that required the full, immediate cash payment for public lands, ending the previous system of installment purchases

Tallmadge Amendment

a failed proposal in 1819 by James Tallmadge Jr. to prohibit the further importation of slaves into Missouri and mandate the gradual emancipation of enslaved people's children born in the state, which would have made Missouri a free state

Peculiar Institution

refers to slavery in the American South, particularly in the 19th century, highlighting its unique, central role in Southern society, economy, and identity after it was abolished in the North

Missouri Compromise

a congressional agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to maintain the balance of power in the Senate

McCulloch v. Maryland

a 1819 Supreme Court case that affirmed the principle of implied powers for Congress and established federal supremacy, ruling that the federal government could create a national bank under the Necessary and Proper Clause and that states could not tax it

Loose Constitution

an interpretation of the U.S. Constitution that supports a broad, flexible understanding of the government's powers, allowing it to take actions not explicitly listed in the text if they align with the Constitution's overall goals and are "necessary and proper" for carrying out its enumerated powers

Cohens v. Virginia

a Supreme Court case that affirmed the Supreme Court's power to review state court decisions in criminal cases, reinforcing federal authority by establishing that state laws are void if they conflict with the U.S. Constitution or federal laws

Gibbons. v. Ogden

a 1824 Supreme Court case that affirmed the federal government's exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce under the Commerce Clause, establishing that federal law overrides state laws in this area and setting a precedent for strong national authority over economic activities

Fletcher v. Peck

a landmark Supreme Court case where the Court ruled that a state could not pass a law that impaired the obligation of a contract, striking down Georgia's repeal of a previous land grant due to corruption

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

a Supreme Court case where the Court ruled that a college charter was a contract protected by the Constitution's contract clause, preventing the state of New Hampshire from modifying it to make Dartmouth a public university

Ango-American Convention

a treaty between the United States and Great Britain that resolved several border issues following the War of 1812

Adams-Onis Treaty

a pivotal agreement between the United States and Spain where Spain ceded Florida and renounced its claim to Oregon to the U.S., in exchange for the U.S. giving up its claims to Texas and assuming $5 million in damages to American citizens

Monroe Doctrine

a foundational 1823 U.S. foreign policy statement declaring that the Western Hemisphere was closed to further European colonization and intervention, and any such attempts would be considered a hostile act against the United States

Russo-American Treaty

an agreement between the United States and Russia that established the 54°40′ parallel (the southern tip of present-day Alaska) as the southernmost boundary of Russian claims in North America

Oliver Hazard Perry

American naval officer and hero of the War of 1812

Francis Scott Key

American lawyer and amateur poet who wrote the lyrics to "The Star-Spangled Banner" after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry during the War of 1812

James Monroe

President known for presiding over the Era of Good Feelings and proclaiming the Monroe Doctrine

John Quincy Adams

President known for advocating for economic nationalism, infrastructure, and national modernization, but faced opposition for his elite approach and was central to the "Corrupt Bargain" election of 1824. He also served as Secretary of State, playing a key role in the Monroe Doctrine and the Adams-Onís Treaty that acquired Florida