blood and immune system

uhm bio uhm erm bio

plasma

fluid portion of the blood— 92% water, dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, waste and proteins.

formed portions

solid portions of the blood, red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells

red blood cells

carries o2 towards cells and co2 away from cells, higher SA, originates in red bone marrow, contains hemoglobin, iron and an o2 carrying compound. 

platelets 

fragments of cells in the blood, originates from red bone marrow, causes clotting in the blood in some situations. 

fibrin

insoluble material that forms mesh strands around an injury, traps blood to clot and prevent further bleeding. within the plasma of out blood

blood clotting and coagulation

process of fibrin in use

white blood cells 

leucocytes— has nuclei , amount in blood can double if fighting an illness, responsible for fighting infections. 

granulocytes + monocytes 

type of white blood cell— engulfs foreign proteins, originates in the red bone marrow 

lymphocytes

type of white blood cell— forms the antibodies and defense, originates in the thymus gland and red bone marrow

transport

the main function of blood- blood circulates around the entire body so its an ideal use of transportation.

digestion

a function of blood- actively transports amino acids and monosaccharides into the blood stream

endocrine (hormones)

a function of blood- chemical signals are transported within the blood to reach other organs who need these signals in which hormones function on

respiratory

a function of blood- carries o2 and hemoglobin through the plasma via dissociation of ions

excretory

a function of blood- removes waste that is transported though the blood, taken to the kidney, is filtered there and is excreted

homoeostatic regulation

the body’s way of regulating and keeping its internal temperature, has two types

vasodilation

one type of homoeostatic regulation— the blood vessels expands/dilate to cool down the body by expanding and letting out more heat

vasoconstriction 

one type of homoeostatic regulation— the blood vessels decrease their diameter to ensure less heat escapes, making the body warmer. 

antigens

a molecule found on the surface of cells and pathogens, recognizable by the immune system

antibodies

proteins that recognize foreign substances in the body and neutralizes + destorys them

agglutination

clumping of blood. can occur when two blood types are mixed

abo system

abo blood types made to recognize and classify the different antibodies and antigens in the human blood, unfortunately not the omegaverse

a blood type 

group a, contains b antibodies and a antigens 

b blood type

group b, contains a antibodies and b antigens

ab blood type

group ab, ab antigens,, and has no antibodies. making it the universal blood receiver

o blood type

group o, no antigens and ab antibodies,, it contains no no antigens making it unflagged when donated to another body, making it the universal blood donor. however, has ab antibodies so can only take o blood donors

rhesus factor 

antigens that can be found in red blood cells sometimes and well can erm clog up the blood sometimes due to those antigens 

lymphatic system

maintains water balance between extracellular fluid and blood

lymph nodes

places where that water is stored. can get swollen when sick

pathogens

any disease producing agent (viruses, bacteriam fungi, etc)

1st line of defense  

Body’s first and natural defense against invaders. Consists of tears, spit, vomit, nose and ear hairs

2nd line of defense

Cells recognize external pathogens and rid of it. This causes inflammation and redness around injuries/- has proteins in blood that triggers microphages

3rd line of defence

Recognizes pathogens it has seen before. Minimizes the risk of organismz getting infected— has protein in blood that triggers the microphages

Macrophages

Type of white blood cell- uses phagocytosis to ingulf invaders.

Shows up as pus in infection site

Helper t cells

type of white blood cell- binds to microphages and releases chemicals that activate b cells

B cells

Type of white blood cell- produces antibodies

Killer t cells

Type of white blood cell— kills host cells

Suppressor t cells

Type of white blood cell- slows and suppress the process of cellular immunity

Memory t cells

Type of white blood cell- remembers and retains info about next exposure to invaders

How wbc deals with bacterial infections

antigen markers appear on the microphages after the microphage engulfs it. the b cells and helper t cells see it and b cells begin to produce the antibodies for it

How wbc deal with viral infections

Cytotoxic t cell connects to an invader, makes holes in it. And has enzymes enter it to rid of it

How do vaccines work?

Exposes you to a small dose of an invader so your body can recognize it and save fhe info to rid of it later