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MAC (Media Access Control) address
refers to the unique physical address of all computers, which are assigned by the manufacturer of the network interface card
Organizational Unique Identifier (OUI)
This is the first 24 bits of the MAC address that is vendor-specific; it identifies the company that manufactured or sold the device
Vendor-Assigned
This is the remaining 24 bits of the MAC address that is incrementally and uniquely assigned by the specific vendor of the hardware–denotes the serial number of the individual device
IP address
refers to an address that is usually assigned by the network administrator or internet service provider in order to uniquely and universally identify each device on an IP network
public IP address
is what computers use to find each other online and exchange information. It is assigned to the computer by the Internet Service Provider as soon as the computer is connected to the Internet gateway
Static public IP address
It is a fixed IP address and is used primarily for hosting web pages or services on the Internet
Dynamic public IP address
It is chosen from a pool of available addresses and changes each time one connects to the Internet
private IP address
is what computers on a network use to communicate with the router. It can change each time they are connected
network ID/field
identifies the host that is located on the same physical network
host ID
(also known as a host address) identifies the individual host (e.g., workstation, server, router, or other TCP/IP host) within a network
Class A address
This uses only the first octet (8 bits) of the 32-bit number to indicate the network address
Class B address
This uses two (2) of the four (4) octets (16 bits) to indicate the network address
Class C address
This uses the first three octets (24 bits) of the IP address to identify the network portion, with the remaining octet reserved for the host portion, which is equivalent to eight (8) bitsClass D address
Class D address
This is created to enable multicasting using an IP addressmulticast address
multicast address
is a unique address that directs packets with that destination address to predefined groups of hosts
Class E address
This is reserved by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for its own research
Diagnostic (Loopback/Localhost Address)
It is used for testing and debugging of programs, hardware, protocol, and connections. (SYN-ACK)
Default Network
It is used for routing internet datagram (TCP)
Network Broadcast
It is used for broadcasting messages to the entire network
Private-use of Internet Space
It is the preconfigured default IP addresses for network devices to extend IPv4 spaces
Link-Local Addresses
If DHCP is not present, these IP addresses will be selected and configured by the network device
subnet mask (default mask)
determines which portion of an IP address identifies the network and which portion identifies the host
Default Gateway
is used to specify the address of the nearest routing device that is used by the host device to forward addressed packets onto the network
Subnetting
It refers to a process of borrowing bits from the host ID field to form a new subnet ID field
Network Address Translation (NAT) and Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
In the 1990s, the IETF launched technologies to delay IPv4 address exhaustion
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
announced even allocation of its last 4.68 million IPv4 addresses to five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) around the world
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
is a set of specifications designed by the IETF, which is an upgraded version of IPv4. The other term for this is IP Next Generation (IPng)
Unicast address
identifies an interface
Multicast address
identifies multiple interfaces
Anycast address
identifies a group of network interfaces (usually on different nodes)
