AP LANG VOCAB TEST

Declarative

States a fact or opinion. Example: "I love reading.

Interrogative

Asks a question. Example: "Do you like reading?

Imperative

Gives a command or request. Example: "Please read this book.

Exclamatory

Shows strong emotion. Example: "I love this book!

Description

Uses details to paint a picture. Example: "The sky was a deep, rich blue."

Narration

Tells a story or recounts events. Example: "She went to the store and met an old friend."

Exposition

Explains or informs. Example: "A democracy is a system of government where citizens vote."

Argumentation

Presents a claim and supports it with evidence. Example: "School uniforms should be mandatory for safety."

Declarative Sentence

A sentence that makes a statement. Example: "The sun sets in the west."

Passive Voice

The subject receives the action. Example: "The book was read by her."

Periodic Sentence

The main point comes at the end. Example: "Despite the heavy rain and cold, we continued our journey."

Parallel Structure

Repetition of the same pattern of words. Example: "I like swimming, biking, and running."

Participial Phrase

A phrase with a verb acting as an adjective. Example: "Running through the park, she saw a bird."

Allegory

A story with a hidden meaning. Example: "Animal Farm represents political events."

Anecdote

A short personal story. Example: "I once saw a man feed a squirrel by hand."

Elegy

A poem of serious reflection, often mourning. Example: A poem about loss or death.

Metonymy

Replacing the name of something with something closely related. Example: "The White House issued a statement" (meaning the president).

Asyndeton

Leaving out conjunctions for effect. Example: "I came, I saw, I conquered."

Euphemism

A mild or polite way to say something harsh. Example: "Passed away" instead of "died."

Oxymoron

Two contradictory words together. Example: "Bittersweet."

Paradox

A statement that contradicts itself but reveals a truth. Example: "Less is more."

Juxtaposition

Placing two things side by side for contrast. Example: "Darkness and light."

Antithesis

Two opposite ideas put together in a sentence. Example: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times."

Epanalepsis

Repeating the beginning word at the end of a sentence. Example: "The king is dead; long live the king."

Zeugma

A word applies to multiple parts of a sentence in different ways. Example: "He caught a fish and a cold."

Pun

A play on words. Example: "Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana."

Antimetabole

Repetition of words in reverse order. Example: "Eat to live, not live to eat."

Polyptoton

Repeating a root word in different forms. Example: "We must all hang together or assuredly we shall all hang separately."

Antanaclasis

The same word is repeated with different meanings. Example: "We must, indeed, all hang together or most assuredly, we shall all hang separately."

Cacophony

Harsh, discordant sounds in writing. Example: "Jabberwocky."

Apostrophe

Directly addressing someone or something that isn't present. Example: "O death, where is thy sting?"

Diacope

Repetition of a word or phrase with words in between. Example: "To be or not to be."