CP World Cultures WINTER EXAM

Hemisphere

the halves of the world separated by the Equator and the Prime Meridian

cultural diffusion

the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

Pharaoh

consider a king and a god

Fertile Crescent

area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (rich soil)

Scribe

a class of specially trained people who knew how to read and write

Nomad

people who move from place to place

caste system

born into classes, no method of leaving

Polytheism

believed in many gods

Dynasty

the ruling family

Silk Road

trade route that linked China to the Middle East

City

state

Democracy

government by the people

Republic

government by representatives chosen by the people

Feudalism

a new system developed to protect leaders from outside forces (economic system of land

Knight

mounted warriors

common law

idea that law is the same for all people, regardless of position in society

printing press

a machine for printing text or pictures from type or plates.

Protestant

in protest of the Catholic Church

absolute power

complete authority over the government & lives of the people

divine right

belief that the authority to rule came directly from God

limited monarchy

where a constitution or legislative body limits a monarch’s power

scientific method

the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation.

trench warfare

Warring armies on the western front formed vast defenses to prevent the other from advancing

Communism

the idea of a classless system and everything communally owned

Confucius

developed ideas about social order and good government; these ideas spread to neighboring countries

Alexander the Great

created a vast empire

Octavian (Augustus)

conquers Rome and becomes a tyrant of Rome

William the Conqueror

helped unify England and took the throne in 1066

Charlemagne

unites most of the former western Roman Empire and set up a strong, efficient government & revived learning

Medici family

instrument and one of the richest families in Europe, controlled Florentine politics

Leonardo da Vinci

also accomplished in botany, anatomy, music, architecture & engineering

William Shakespeare

English poet and playwright

Johannes Gutenberg

used a printing press to produce a version of the Bible

John Calvin

Protestant reformer in Switzerland agreed with Luther and predestination

Henry VIII

abandoned the Catholic Church when it refused to grant him a divorce

Elizabeth I

made a slow

Vasco da Gama

Sailed to Asia around the southern coast of Africa

Ferdinand Magellan

Explored the South American coast

Isaac Newton

Developed theory of gravity to explain planetary motion

Thomas Hobbes

Thought people were naturally bad

John Locke

Thought people were basically reasonable & moral

Napoleon Bonaparte

French army officer and political leader who was able to take power in the midst of the Revolution

Joseph Stalin

took power after Lenin’s death

Adolph Hitler

Austrian who fought in the German Army in WWI

Became a political figure as leader of the National Socialist German Workers, or Nazi, Party

Winston Churchill

new British prime minister, inspired his people to resist

Franz Ferdinand

heir to the throne of Austria

Code of Hammurabi

first major collection of laws in history

Pax Romana

Roman peace

Magna Carta

Document stated that nobles had certain rights

Justinian’s Code

document to organize the laws of ancient Rome

Crusades

holy wars (lasted 200 years)

Black Death

Bubonic plague; spread, killing 1 in 3 people

Renaissance

new age in Europe following the Middle Ages and a time of creativity (means rebirth)

95 Theses

Luther’s paper against the practice of selling indulgences and posted them on the door of the Catholic church in town

Reformation

The movement that had a profound effect on world religion, even today; when grew disillusioned with the power and wealth of the Catholic church

Counter Reformation

the church’s response to the Reformation

Scientific Revolution

exploration & discovery happened in science as well, most new findings were not received well by scholars, the church, or the people at first

Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment affected human thinking the way the Scientific Revolution changed the way people looked at the world

Storming of the Bastille

medieval fortress used as a prison

Crowd broke in looking for weapons and gunpowder

World War I

started when Austria

Russian Revolution

was a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire

World War II

the largest battle of many countries in europe that included the Holocaust

D

Day

Largest amphibious (by sea) invasion in history

Holocaust

Hitler’s systematic killing of Europe’s Jewish population, became known

What are the parts of a map?

title, compass, scale, legend/key, locator map

What different types of maps are there?

physical maps, political maps, climate maps

What was the main breakthrough from the Paleolithic Era to the Neolithic?

The Neolithic man knew how to farm and had the option of staying in one place. In the Paleolithic

The four early civilizations we studied

Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China

How was Ancient Greece different from earlier civilizations?

Greece had an oligarchy government and had city states

What allowed the Romans to amass great wealth? What developed from that?

Augustus taking power, properity

What religion developed during the Pax Romana?

Christianity

What was the legacy of Ancient Rome?

their people helped others with advancements in engineering and geometry

Why was the Catholic Church so powerful during the Middle Ages?

Because people were so focused on life after life on Earth

What happened to Europe after the fall of Rome?

the government was weak and fragmented

What happened to the Christian Church after it split?

The authority of the pope and clergy’s right to marriage

How did the Holy Roman Empire come about? Where did its name come from?

it was the former western roman empire that was united by Charlemagne. Got its name from the fact that the ruler was crowned by the Pope

Why was the location of Constantinople so important?

for trade and culture spread

What was the lasting effect of the Crusades?

left a legacy of hatred between the two religions

How did people’s thinking change between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?

people were more focused on the present

Why did people during the Renaissance grow angry with the Catholic church?

the church was taking too much power over the people

What other culture grew in the Middle East during the Middle Ages, threatening Europe?

Muslim

What were the effects of European exploration of the world, both positive and negative?

Increased trade, growing global connections, cultural diffusion, Conflicts between Europeans and other cultures grew; would lead to a practice called imperialism

How were the findings of the Scientific Revolution received throughout society?

not expected at first but gradually changed society’s way of thinking

How did Enlightenment ideas affect America & France?

caused them to revolt

How did monarchs react to Enlightenment ideas?

Some leaders bought into Enlightenment ideas, but weren’t interested in giving up power

What sort of problems did common people in France have prior to the revolution?

class resentment and economic crises

How did the Industrial Revolution change society?

changed the way people worked and farmed

What were the causes of World War I?

Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism

What new technologies led to massive casualties in WWI?

machine guns, artillery, poison gas, tanks, and airplanes