NUTRIENTS; VITAMINS, MINERALS

vitamin B3 (niacin)

the water-soluble vitamin that is a component of coenzyme NAD⁺ for redox reactions during the citric acid cycle functioning as a coenzyme necessary for the breakdown and use of all major nutrients, essential for healthy skin, digestive tract function, nervous system function, and dietary sources are found in nuts, meats, grains.

vitamin B9 (folic acid)

the water-soluble vitamin essential for cell growth, is a coenzyme in nucleic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, deficiency can result in graying of hair, and dietary sources are found in green vegetables, oranges, nuts, legumes, whole grains.

Vitamin B7 (biotin),

the water-soluble vitamin that is a coenzyme for the synthesis of lipids, glycogen and amino acids, coenzyme in fatty acid production and oxidation of fatty acids and carbohydrates, and dietary sources are found in legumes, other vegetables, meats.

vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

the water-soluble vitamin that is a component of Coenzyme A (CoA) for the acetyl CoA for the citric acid cycle, and dietary sources are found in meat, dairy products, whole grains.

vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

the water-soluble vitamin that is a coenzyme used in amino acid metabolism, the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate, maintenance of sodium ions and potassium ions for nervous system and musculoskeletal function, and dietary sources are found in meats, vegetables, whole grains.

vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

the water-soluble vitamin that is used for synthesis of collagen fibers in connective tissue, such as tendons and ligaments, intracellular matrices in teeth, osseous tissue, cartilage and skin, and dietary sources are found in fruits and vegetables (citrus fruits, potatoes, broccoli, berries, tomatoes, fresh green and leafy vegetables).

vitamin B1 (thiamine)

the water-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal metabolism, cardiovascular health and nervous system health, functions as a coenzyme that removes carbon dioxide (CO₂) from organic compounds for the cellular respiration process, and dietary sources are found in pork, legumes, peanuts, whole grains.

vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)

the water-soluble vitamin that is crucial for formation and function of erythrocytes (red blood cell), normal blood formation, neural functioning and dietary sources are found in meats, eggs, dairy products.

vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

the water-soluble vitamin that is a component of coenzyme FAD for redox reactions during the citric acid cycle functioning as a coenzyme in the oxidative processes of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and dietary sources are found in dairy products, meats, enriched grains, vegetables.

vitamin D

a lipid-soluble vitamin formed in human skin in presence of sunlight with dietary sources found in dairy products and egg yolks that functions to aid in absorption and use of calcium and phosphorous, a deficiency results in rickets (bone deformities), and excess can result in brain, liver and kidney damage

Vitamin E

the fat-soluble vitamin that helps to prevent damage to the plasma membrane of the cell, and a deficiency can result in degeneration of the nervous system.

vitamin A

a lipid-soluble vitamin essential for skeletal growth with osteoblast activity, maintenance of epithelial tissue, and visual acuity with the pigmentation retinol in the retina of the eye, dietary sources found in provitamin A (beta-carotene) in deep green and orange vegetables and fruits and dairy products.

Vitamin K

the fat-soluble vitamin that is important for blood clotting process for repairing blood vessels or capillaries, and dietary sources found in green vegetables, tea, and made by digestive system large intestine colon good bacteria.

CALCIUM

the mineral that functions in bone and tooth formation, blood clotting, neuron and muscle function.

Phosphorous

the mineral that functions in bone and tooth formation, acid-base pH balance, and nucleotide synthesis.

sulfur

the mineral that is part of certain amino acid structures.

magnesium

the mineral that is the second most abundant cation in intercellular fluid, essential for enzyme activity and involved with the bioenergetic of ATP, neurochemical activity of a neuron, muscular excitability, and excess can slow the heartbeat and cause vasodilation.

potassium and sodium ions

the mineral that contributes toward acid-base pH balance, water balance, and contributes toward the plasma membrane potential in neurons and other cells types.

chloride ions

the mineral that is an anion of chlorine contributes toward the formation of gastric juice for hydrochloric acid in the stomach, acid-base balance, and osmotic balance.

iron

the mineral that is a component of hemoglobin for the structure in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, enzyme cofactor and electron carrier.

fluoride

the mineral that helps prevent tooth decay and maintains tooth structure, and sometimes if found in drinking water and tea.

iodine

the mineral that is in iodized salt and is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone.