APUSH Period 2

Sir Walter Raleigh

Sponsor of Roanoke, NC colony

Lost Colony of Roanoke

1585 - Britain's first attempt at the New World, total failure, colonizers "vanished" when Raleigh came back, most likely absorbed into native culture

Joint Stock Companies

A company that each shareholder partly owns, sees colony as investment

Jamestown

First settlement, barely survives, rich fancy dudes don't want to work

Powhatan's Contribution

Taught settlers how to find food in Jamestown

John Smith's Contribution

Taught military discipline, kept rich fancy men from slacking on the colony

John Rolfe

Taught how to properly grow tobacco

Importance of Tobacco

Trade and profit, Headright System, Indentured Servants

Pilgrims

Plymouth, Massachusetts - Radical Puritans, separatists, looking for religious freedom

Mayflower Compact

Plan before colonization, get to new colony, have self government based on majority rule

Puritans

Protestant branch, believes in reform that simplifies religion

John Winthrop

Non-separatist Puritan

City Upon a Hill

Famous sermon, celebration of prosperity, renew optimism and believe in themselves, although small in land mass, significant city presence

Praying Towns

Puritan idea, bring Natives in, convert to Puritan church, wanted to be more "civilized, European ideals

William Bradford

Radical Puritan, seperatist, looking for religious freedoms for puritans

Harvard University

Massachusetts Bay, a Puritan idea, valued public education

Covenant Chain

Ongoing set of councils and treaties between English and Iroquois confederacy, covered matters of trade, settlement, and resolution of violence

James Oglethorpe

Georgia proprietor, established Georgia as buffer between Spanish Florida and successful plantations in SC

Roger Williams

Puritan preacher in Massachusetts Bay, separation of church and state, challenges traditional leaders, banished, created Rhode Island for ultimate tolerance

Anne Hutchinson

Feisty/mouthy, believes can look within for salvation, no need for male clergy

Antinomians

People who push against norms in society (Anne Hutchinson)

Town Meeting

Mass Bay, direct democracy, men must be good standing with Puritan church

Pequot War

More settlers show up to bay of Connecticut, Natives become angry with land being taken and forced conversion, hundreds participate in war, fully eliminates tribe

Metacom's War/King Philip's War

Plymouth, British encroaching on Native land, thousands (more death and destruction), Wampanoag + Algonquin vs. British + Mohawk, capture Metacom, head on stake

Headright System

Given 50 acres for each voyage paid for to Virginia to farm

Indentured Servants

If came on other's money to virginia, may have to work until on their feet, work for period of time, in turn provided with basic needs

Bacon's Rebellion

Indentured servants are ending contracts, servants now look for land but has all been taken, have to push west, began to conflict with tribes, Governor of Virginia (Berkley) doesn't care, farm owners become angry and march to Jamestown to get Berkley, burn most of Jamestown, followers get thrown in jail, results in increase in need for enslaved Africans on plantations, sharp class differences

Great Awakening

Similar to Enlightenment, questioning of clergy, promote equality

Navigation Acts

Laws passed by British government, not enforced, tons of smuggling 1. Trade to and from British colonies can only occur on British ships and with British crews 2. Almost all goods coming to colonies need to come through British ports first 3. Long list of items from colonies that can only be sold to england

Mercantilism

Colonies exist to make money for parent countries, raw materials gathered then sold back to colonies

Salutary Neglect

Britain ignores colonies for period of time while monarchy goes through issues

Lord Baltimore

Catholic nobility, Maryland proprietor, creates as refuge for Catholics who were otherwise oppressed

Quakers

Liberal focus, pacifist, equality and respect (William Penn)

Dominion of New England

Group of colonies (New English Colonies, New York and New Jersey) controlled by Sir Edmond Andros

Sir Edmund Andros

Controls Dominion of New England, all report to him

Leisler's Rebellion

Take control of New York, frustrated were under such strict control, directly against James II, wants better treatment

Zenger Trial

Newspaper publisher creates criticals works against governor of New York, charged with libel, stands by work and found not guilty

Enlightenment Ideals

Reason and rational thoughts challenge age old tradition

Revivals

Hundreds or thousands come to talk about religion, say ordinary people can be affected by religion, traditional leaders begin to lose authority

Ben Franklin

Deist

Jonathan Edwards

Evangelist preacher

Halfway Covenant

Form of church membership that allowed not full church members to be baptized and get various rights in the process

Protestant Evangelism

Travel and spread religion, love preachers views and support new leaders

Old Lights

Old religious leaders, don't like great awakening

New Lights

Love preachers views and support new ideas

George Whitefield

Evangelist preacher

Deism

Believe in creation then hands off world, clockmaker analogy

1585

Lost Colony of Raleigh

1607

Jamestown

1620

Massachusetts

1676

Bacon's Rebellion