APUSH Week 14 vocab

Dried Scott V. Stanford

Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process.

Sig- Invalidated popular sovereignty by nullifying the ability of settlers to decide the issue of slavery themselves, inflaming sectional tensions.

John Harper and Harper’s Ferry

John Brown wanted to start a slave rebellion that swept through the South. In 1859, Brown, 13 whites, and 5 blacks took over the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. Brown was caught and hanged.

Sig- John Browns failed raid to start a slave uprising terrified the south and made him a martyr in the North, depending the device and accelerating the path to the Civil War.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22,1862, declaring that all slaves in the confederate states were now free.

Sig- Reframed the Civil War as a fight against slavery, discouraged foreign support for the Confederacy, and paved a way for black enlistment in the Union Army.

Battle of Antietam

Civil war battle in which the North succeeded in halting Lee’s confederate forces in Maryland and was the bloodiest battle of the war, resulting in 25,000 casualties.

Sig-Gave Lincoln the political momentum to issue the emancipation proclamation and kept Britain from recognizing the Confederacy.

Battle of Gettysburg

Turning point of the Civil War, making it clear that the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.

Sig-Set the stage for Lincolns Gettysburg address, which redefined the wars purpose around liberty and equality.

Freedman’s Bureau

Set up to help freedmen and white refugees after the Civil War. Provided food, clothing, medical care, and education. 1st to establish schools for blacks to learn to read as thousands of teachers from the north came to the south to help. Lasted from 1865-1872. Attacked by KKK and other southerners as “carpetbaggers”. Encouraged former plantation owners to rebuild thier plantations, urged freed blacks to gain employment, and kept on eye on contracts between labor and management.

Sig- 1st federal welfare agency, although its impact was limited by underfunding and resistance.

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War.

Sig- Aimed to restrict freedom of black Americans, essentially preserving slavery’s social order and prompting the push for stronger federal protections.

13th amendment

Abolition of slavery without compensation for slave-owners.

Sig- Fufilled the promise of the Emancipation Proclamation, marking a constitutional revolution American Civil Rights.

14th amendment

Granted citizenship to “all person born or naturalized in the US”, forbid any state to deny a person “life liberty or property, without due process of law” or to “deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws”.

Sig- Most important law ever passed besides original Consitution and Bill of Rights. Has been the vehicle for the expansion of civil rights, women’s rights, gay rights, and more movements. It also allowed for the “incorporation doctrine” which means the application of the national Bill of Rights to the states.

15 amendment

U.S cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed.

Sig- 1st Constitutional guarantee of voting rights for African American men, marking a major milestone in the struggle for racial equality.

Bargain of 1870

Deal made by a republican and democratic special congressional commission to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876. Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, who had lost the popular vote, was declared the winner in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from involvement in politics in the south, marking the end of reconstruction.

Sig- Led to the rise of Jim Crow laws and decades of racial oppression.