APUSH Ch 11

Bloxham

War of 1812

Conflict between U.S. and Britain over trade restrictions, impressment, and Native resistance; ended in stalemate but boosted nationalism.

Battle of New Orleans

(1815) U.S. victory under Andrew Jackson after war officially ended; made Jackson a hero.

Treaty of Ghent

(1814) Ended War of 1812; restored prewar borders but solved none of the causes.

Hartford Convention

(1814–1815) Federalist meeting to oppose War of 1812; proposals weakened party, seen as disloyal.

Rush-Bagot agreement

(1817) U.S. and Britain agreed to limit naval forces on Great Lakes; improved relations.

Tariff of 1816

First protective tariff in U.S. history; protected American industry from British goods.

American System

Henry Clay’s plan for national economic growth: protective tariffs, national bank, and internal improvements.

Era of Good Feelings

Period of Monroe’s presidency (1817–1825); one-party dominance but sectional tensions grew.

Panic of 1819

Economic depression caused by bank failures and land speculation; hit farmers and debtors hard.

Land Act of 1820

Allowed cheap purchase of western land; encouraged westward expansion.

Tallmadge Amendment

Proposed gradual emancipation in Missouri; sparked fierce debate over slavery’s expansion.

Peculiar Institution

Euphemism for slavery in the South; highlighted sectional divide.

Missouri Compromise

(1820) Allowed Missouri as slave state, Maine as free; banned slavery north of 36°30′ line in Louisiana Territory.

McCulloch v. Maryland

(1819) Supreme Court upheld national bank, denied state power to tax federal institutions.

Loose Construction

Broad interpretation of Constitution, allowing implied powers of federal government.

Cohens v. Virginia

(1821) Supreme Court asserted right to review state court decisions involving federal issues.

Gibbons v. Ogden

(1824) Supreme Court ruled only Congress can regulate interstate commerce.

Fletcher v. Peck

(1810) Supreme Court protected contracts from state interference; first time striking down a state law.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

(1819) Supreme Court protected private contracts from state alteration.

Anglo-American Convention

(1818) U.S. and Britain agreed to joint occupation of Oregon and set border at 49th parallel.

Adams-Onís Treaty

(1819) Spain ceded Florida to U.S. and gave up Oregon claims; U.S. gave up Texas claims.

Monroe Doctrine

(1823) U.S. policy opposing European colonization in the Americas; cornerstone of foreign policy.

Russo-American Treaty

(1824) Set southern boundary of Russian Alaska at 54°40′; reduced Russian presence.

Oliver Hazard Perry

U.S. naval officer who won key victory on Lake Erie in War of 1812.

Francis Scott Key

Wrote “Star-Spangled Banner” during Battle of Fort McHenry in War of 1812.

James Monroe

5th U.S. president; presided over Era of Good Feelings and issued Monroe Doctrine.

John Quincy Adams

Monroe’s Secretary of State; key in formulating Monroe Doctrine; later 6th U.S. president.