NMS Biology Quiz 1 Review: Key Concepts and Definitions

ZmB

T/F - Secondary active transport always in the SAME direction as the concentration gradient?

False

1 multiple choice option

Main driver of diffusion?

◦ Electrical gradient

◦ concentration gradient

◦ permeability

concentration gradient

T/F: Retrograde transport is usually slow, while anterograde can be slow or fast

false

Guillan Barre will affect oligodendrocytes in the PNS

FALSE - not oligodendrocytes - schwann cells

most comm form of synpatic connection is both ______________ and _________

axosomatic and inhibitory

axodendritic and excitatory

T/F - axoaxonic synapses are almost always excitatory

FALSE - Reducing neurotransmitter release, typically inhibitory

A schwann cell forms a singular internode in the CNS

FALSE - schwann cells in the PNS

T/F - Tetanus toxin is transported via retrograde transport affecting the Renshaw cell

True

• Release of Neurotransmitter is an example of?

◦ exocytosis

◦ endocytosis

◦ passive diffusion

◦ active transport -uses ATPase pump

exocytosis

• The Sodium-potassium ATPase pump is an ex of?

◦ active transport

◦ facilitated diffusion

◦ osmosis

◦ simple diffusion

facilitated diffusion

• The ion eq point that most closely resembles RMP is:

◦ Na+ = +60

◦ K+ = -90

◦ Ca+ = not used in RMP only axon term

◦ Cl- = -70

Cl-

• Which ion doesn't have a higher concentration in the ECF?

◦ K

◦ Cl

◦ Na

◦ Ca

K

• Which channel is said to always be open?

◦ transmitter gate

◦ passive channel

◦ channel pumps

◦ voltage gate

passive channel

• How much and what direction doe the Na/K pump work?

◦ 2 K out and 3 Na in

◦ 3 K out, 2 Na in

◦ 3 Na out , 2 K in

◦ 2 Na out, 3 K in

3 Na out , 2 K in

• RMP of a typical neuron is ~ ?

◦ +30 mV

◦ -70 mV

◦ -90 mV

◦ -55 mV

-70 mV

• The major difference b/w passive and active transport is the type of material being moved

False - energy used

• What factors have an influence on rate of diffusion? (select all that apply)

◦ permeability

◦ electrical potential

◦ concentration gradient

• Movement of bothj Na and glucose into the cell is an example of : (select all that apply)

◦ cotransport

◦ symport

◦ antiport

◦ countertransport

◦ cotransport

◦ symport

• Which process allows ions and molecules to move againt their concentration gradient?

◦ facilitated diffusion

◦ simple

◦ osmois

◦ active transport

active transport

• Which type of cellular transport requires protein carriers but not energy

◦ active transport

◦ faciliated transport

◦ simple diffusion

faciliated transport

• Which of the following organelles is responsible for packaging and transporting cellular product for vesicular transport

◦ nucleus

◦ golgi apparatus

◦ mitochondria

◦ endoplasmic reticulum

golgi apparatus

The major difference b/w simple and faciliated diffusion is the utilization of carrier proteins

True

• Which of these are able tofreely diffuse through the plasma membrane (pick all that apply)

◦ Na +

◦ O2

◦ Cl -

◦ CO2

◦ CO2

◦ O2

Of the neuroglia, which of these function to physically support the neurons? (Pick all that apply)

● astrocytes

● satellite

● oligodendrocytes

The largest factor affecting the rate of diffusion is

a. Concentration gradient

Anterograde transport can be either rapid or slow, while retrograde is always rapid

True

The receptor type unique to the peripheral sensory organs is

transduction

Of the neuroglia, which of these will produce myelin? (Pick all that apply)

a. oligodendrocytes b. Schwann

A sodium/potassium pump will work to move the ions where and how many?

a. 2 K in/3 Na out

6. The ion with an equilibrium point equal to the average RMP is

Cl-

For a neuron to regenerate all of this must be true EXCEPT

Be in the CNS

The most common excitatory synapse formed is

Axodendritic

Hyperkalemia affects ___ and leads to ___

RMP:

Hyperpolarization

Increased intensity of information is a result of

Increased rate of firing

Which of these has/have the fastest conduction velocity(pick all that apply)

a. I

b. Aa

During depolarization phase of action potentials

Voltage-gated Na+ channels are opening

Hyponatremia affects ___ and leads to ___

- Amplitude:

- lower peak

Local anesthetic functions by reversibly blocking ___channels

Na+

Graded potentials can be summated and either depolarizing or hyper polarizing

True

The net effect of disinhibition is exciting the last neuron in sequence

True

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of an action potential

Summated