19.1, 19.2 Energy Flow, Food Chains & Food Webs

Sun

principal source of energy input into biological systems

light energy, chemical, photosynthesis, chain, consumers, heat, waste, dies

Producer

organism that makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight via photosynthesis

Consumer

organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms

3 types of consumers

primary, secondary, tertiary

Food chain

shows transfer of energy from 1 organism to next, beginning w/ producer

Energy is transferred via i__ between t__ lvls

ingestion, trophic

Trophic level

pos of organism in food chain, web, pyramids

Trophic Level
> energy transfer is __(inefficient/efficient)
>> as energy is __(gained/lost) at each lvl
> thus trophic lvl is usually <__
>> lost energy = top consumers consume more o__ = not enough

inefficient, lost, 5, organisms

Food web

network of interconnected food chains

Pyramid of __
> shows __ of organisms at each t__ lvl

number, #, trophic

Pyramid of __
> shows s__ of organism m__ at each trophic lvl

biomass, sum, mass

Pyramid of biomass ADV
> more a__
> shows dry m__ instead of #
> almost always __ shaped

accurate, mass, pyramid

Herbivore

animal that gets its energy by eating plants

Carnivore

animal that gets its energy by eating other animals

Decomposer

organism that gets its energy from dead/waste organic mat

It is __(more/less) efficient for humans to consume p__
> as ~__% energy is passed on to next

more, plants, 10

Human impact on food chains/webs
> over-h__
> introducing f__ s__ to habitat
> r__ habitats
> e__

harvesting, foreign species, removing, extinction