Kingdom Plantae Quiz

4-21

These open and close stomata, regulating gas flow

guard cells

opening, mainly on bottom of leaf, where gases enter and exit the leaf

stomata

layer responsible for majority of photosynthesis

mesophyll

plural word for stoma

stomata

gas that leaves take in

carbon dioxide

where the plant receives the majority of its energy

sun

type of vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves

xylem

process by which plants make energy using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

photosynthesis

type of vascular cell that transports sugars (food) from leaves to other parts of the plant

phloem

plant stem structure that contains xylem and phloem tissue

vascular bundle

outer layer of cells that protect leaf

epidermis

another name for vein, or collection of cells that transports materials throughout plant

vascular tissue/bundle

color of cuticle and epidermis, so sunlight can pass through

transparent

chemical produced by cloroplasts

chlorophyll

cell organelle responsible for photosynthesis

Chloroplast

waxy coating that prevents water loss

cuticle

color of leaves due to presence of clorophyll

green

layer of loosely packed cells and gas pockets

spongy

gas that leaves give off

oxygen

layer made up of both spongy & palisade cells

mesophyll

!!!!!!know the cross section of a leaf diagram!!!!!!

okay

sepals

surround and protect the essential organ

petals

Surround the male and female flower parts and are there to attract animal pollinators

stamens

The pollen-producing male reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and filament.

filament

thin stalk that supports the anther

anther

produces male gametes - pollen

pollen grains

each contain 2 sperm nucki when they mature they split open & disperse pollen dust

pistil

The female reproductive part of a flower

stigma (flower)

becomes sticky & moist when mature; receives pollen

style (flower)

Holds the stigma; middle portion of pistil can be long, slender, short, absent

ovary

A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop; contains one or more hallow compartment called locules

locules

each contain one or more ovules

ovule

undergo meiosis to form oval (eggs) containing egg nuclei

male reproductive system in a flower

stamen: anther, filament

female reproductive system in a flower

pistil: stigma, style, ovary, ovule

pollen grains

filament structure supports anther, pollen grains land on stigma and germinale

pollen tubes

emerges from germinated pollen grains making passage way from 2 sperm nuclei to enter ovum

monocot

* one cotyledon
* veins usually parallel
* vascular bundles usually complexly arranged
* fibrous root system
* floral parts usually in multiples of 3

dicot

* 2 cotyledons
* veins usually netlike
* vascular bundles usually arranged in ring
* taproot usually present
* floral parts usually in multiples of four or five

Taproot system

* single thick primary root, called the taproot, with smaller secondary roots growing out from the sides. (often dicots)

Fibrous root systems

* have many small branching roots, called fibrous roots, but no large primary root.
* The huge number of thread-like roots increases the surface area for absorption of water and minerals(often monocots)

What are the 3 primary functions of roots?

1. absorbing water & minerals 2.anchoring and supporting the plant 3. storing food

4 types of plant tissues

dermal, vascular, ground, meristematic

Dermal tissue in plants

plant's outer protective covering

vascular tissue in plants

Made up of xylem and phloem, it transports fluid and nutrients internally

ground tissue of plants

• Photosynthesis

• Food storage

• Healing and tissue regeneration

and support

meristematic

plant tissue found only in the tips of shoots and roots; responsible for plant growth

*know the reproductive structures of flower diagram*

okay