the others - made from slideshow not lecture

The Others

• Series of political figures and Premiers in Canada from 1867 to 1907:

  • America: Focus on multi-national influences in Canadian politics through individuals like:

    • Hon. Sir Mackenzie Bowell (Conservative, served Dec 2, 1894)

    • Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald (Conservative, served 1867 - Oct 17, 1878)

    • Hon. Sir Charles Tupper (Conservative, served Jan 1896)

    • Sir Wilfred Laurier (Liberal, served from July 1896)

    • Hon. Sir John S.D. Thompson (Conservative, served Dec 1892)

    • Hon. Sir J.J. Abbott (Conservative, exact dates unspecified)

    • How Alexander Mackenzie (Liberal, served Nov 7, 1873)

The Victorian Period

• Timeframe: 1830-1901 in Britain marked by significant reforms and shifts in society.

British Reform Bills

• Reform Bill of 1832:

  • Transformed the English class structure.

  • Extended the right to vote to all males owning property.

• Second Reform Bill (1867):

  • Extended the right to vote to the working class.

The British Empire

• Between 1853 and 1880, there was widespread immigration to British colonies.

• In 1857, control of India was taken over by Parliament, and Queen Victoria became Empress of India.

• Many British citizens viewed empire expansion as a moral responsibility, with missionaries spreading Christianity in regions such as India, Asia, and Africa.

The Late Victorian Period

• Timeframe: 1870-1901 characterized by:

  • Decline of Victorian values.

  • Conflicts such as the Boer War in South Africa.

  • The Irish Question stemming from the Potato Famine and calls for independence.

  • Rise of Bismarck's Germany as a rival power.

  • The United States emerging as a competitive power.

  • Economic depression leading to mass immigration and a rise in socialism.

The American Civil War

• Timeframe: 1860-1865.

North vs. South

• North:

  • Industrialized, advocating a united country with a shared destiny.

  • Slogan: "One country, one people, one play, one destiny."

• South:

  • Primarily agricultural, reliant on cotton production.

  • Tensions arose between Northern and Southern states leading to conflict.

The American Civil War Dynamics

• As America expanded, debates arose over the designation of states as either slave or free, leading to significant political turmoil.

• The election of Abraham Lincoln occurred without Southern votes, prompting Southern states to succeed and form the Confederate States of America.

• The core issues involved were slavery and the preservation of the Union.

Who Won?

• Result: The North emerged victorious, securing the Union and leading to the emancipation of slaves through the 13th Amendment.

The Emancipation

• The movement for emancipation of slaves continued post-war.

Tsarist Russia

• Timeframe: 1855-1881.

Reforms under Alexander II

• The Crimean War highlighted Russia's backwardness, prompting reforms such as:

  • Abolition of serfdom.

  • Creation of Zemstvos, small local governments.

• Evaluation of these reforms concerning their effectiveness in benefitting individual citizens is questioned.

Canada

• Historical Context: 1763-1867, governed under British control after the Treaty of Paris.

Canadian Independence

• Initial divisions:

  • Upper Canada (English-speaking) vs. Lower Canada (French-speaking).

• Post-Civil War and increased British immigration intensified desires for independence.

• In 1867, the British Parliament conceded, creating the Dominion of Canada.

Final Thoughts

• Reform outcomes varied across nations in the mid-19th century:

  • Effects on national stability and alleviation of public suffering need assessment:

    • England: Mixed outcomes, success or failure?

    • America: Mixed outcomes, success or failure?

    • Russia: Success or failure?

    • Canada: Success leading to independence!

Concise Version

The Others Political figures and Premiers in Canada (1867-1907):

• Hon. Sir Mackenzie Bowell (Conservative, Dec 2, 1894)

• Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald (Conservative, 1867 - Oct 17, 1878)

• Hon. Sir Charles Tupper (Conservative, Jan 1896)

• Sir Wilfred Laurier (Liberal, from July 1896)

• Hon. Sir John S.D. Thompson (Conservative, Dec 1892)

• Hon. Sir J.J. Abbott (Conservative, unspecified)

• How Alexander Mackenzie (Liberal, Nov 7, 1873)

The Victorian Period (1830-1901):

• British Reform Bills:

  • Reform Bill of 1832: Extended vote to property-owning males.

  • Second Reform Bill (1867): Extended vote to the working class.

• British Empire:

  • Immigration to colonies; Parliament took control of India in 1857.

  • Viewed empire expansion as a moral duty.

The Late Victorian Period (1870-1901):

• Decline of Victorian values, Boer War, Irish independence issues, rise of Bismarck's Germany, and economic depression.

The American Civil War (1860-1865):

• Conflict between North (industrialized) and South (agricultural).

• Core issues: slavery and preservation of the Union.

• Result: North won, leading to emancipation via the 13th Amendment.

Tsarist Russia (1855-1881):

• Reforms under Alexander II in response to the Crimean War.

• Abolished serfdom and created local governments (Zemstvos).

Canada:

• Governed by Britain (1763-1867); desire for independence grew post-Civil War.

• Became the Dominion of Canada in 1867.

Final Thoughts:

• Reform outcomes varied across nations:

  • England, America, Russia, Canada had mixed success or failure regarding stability and alleviation of public suffering.