Exam # 3 Anatomy ch 22, 25-28

Tunics (layers of tissue) in large intestine

outer layer of muscularis forms tenia coli

Tunics (layers of tissue) in small intestine

• mucosa of simple columnar epithelium

• submucosa

• muscularis w/2 layers of smooth muscle

• adventitia or serosa

Tunics (layers of tissue) in the stomach

muscularis has three layers

Tunics (layers of tissue) in the esophagus

mucosa is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium & muscularis includes skeletal muscle

Which of the following is the most correct statement regarding the LEFT lung?

a) The left lung has the cardiac impression and the cardiac notch.

 b) The left lung has three lobes and eight to ten bronchopulmonary segments.

c) Both statements are TRUE

 d) Both statements are FALSE

a) The left lung has the cardiac impression and the cardiac notch.

Which accessory digestive organ's function is to produce bile?

liver

For the majority of the GI tract, which layer(s) of the wall contain a nerve plexus?

submucosa & muscularis

Put the following in the correct order of small intestine as food passes through during the digestive process:

• ileum

• duodenum

• jejunum

1. duodenum

2. jejunum

3. ileum

What gland releases estrogen and progesterone ?

pituitary gland

following ovulation the vesicular follicle transforms into a:

corpus luteum ( this secretes progesterone so levels of progesterone are high)

The tissue that lines the inside of the bladder, ureter and prostatic urethra is:

transitional epithelium

The apex of the heart is the external wall of which of the chambers of the heart

left ventricle

What do decreasing progesterone levels cause

endometrium shedding

What do increasing LH & FSH levels cause

ovulation

What hormones are released from ovaries ?

estrogen & progesterone

During a 24 day menstrual cycle on what day will ovulation occur

On day 10

24- 14= 10

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum typically degenerates after about 14 day so always subtract 14 days from menstrual cycle

Human sperm can live in the female reproductive system for up to _______ days

5

The main function of the type II alveolar cells is to:

secrete surfactant

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the juxtaglomerular apparatus (regulation of blood pressue?

A) The macula densa cells monitor electrolyte concentrations in tubular fluid

B)  The macula densa cells are modified epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubule

C) The juxtaglomerular cells are modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole

D) The muscula densa cells signal granular cells to release renin

The macula densa cells monitor electrolyte concentrations in tubular fluid

Use the following image to match the letter to the description:

1) Where reabsorption of Na⁺, Cl^-, and water into vasa recta occurs.

2) Where ADH regulates water in response to dehydration, but no regulation of calcium occurs.

3) Identify the distal convoluted tubule.

4) Where filtration occurs.

5) Where PTH stimulates reabsorption of Ca²⁺ into peritubular capillaries.

6) Where urine is located.

1) C

2) E

3) D

4) A

5) D

6) E

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the atria relax?

Right atrioventricular valve

Use the following image to match the letter to the description: (letters can be used more than once or not at all)

1)  Where spermatogenesis occurs.

2) Identify the prostate gland.

3) Secretes milky fluid that contains nutrients for sperm, antibacterial agents, and enzymes to help liquify sperm.

4) Where sperm mature

1) A

2) B

3) B

4) E

Ejaculated semen contains ____ sperm and each month a woman typically ovulates _____ 2° oocyte(s).

39-928 million; one

Match the following labels with the correct structures:

A) middle nasal concha

B) uvula

Match the structure with the correct tissue type.

1) nasopharynx

2) small intestine

3) esophagus

1) columnar epithelium ciliated

2) columnar epithelium with microvilli

3) stratified squamous epithelium non-keratinized

The upper respiratory tract includes all of these EXCEPT:

nasal cavity

larynx 

sinuses

pharynx

larynx 

Match the following:

1) where deoxygenated blood first pools

2) where oxygenated blood first pools in heart

3) valve blood will pass after "E"

4) structure blood will be in after "I"

5) where blood came from to get to "B"

1) F

2) B

3) M

4) G

5) L

Identify the vessel lying under the tip of the arrow (Hint: It is draining relatively deoxygenated blood from the tissue in this area.)

middle cardiac vein

Use the following image to match the letter to the description:

1. Is composed of uterine glands, a functional layer, and a basal layer.
2. Is composed of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
3. Identify the myometrium.

1. A
2. E
3. B

Identify the artery indicated by the arrow:

arcuate artery

what is the collecting duct responsible for ?

responsible for reabsorbing water and concentrating urine,

what is the nephron loop?

located after the proximal convoluted tubule and is involved in reabsorption of water and ions.

What are peritubular capillaries ?

capillaries involved in reabsorption and secretion of substances from the filtrate.

what is the afferent arteriole ?

the blood vessel that delivers blood to the glomerulus

Put the following in order from superficial (1) to deep (4):

• mucosa

• serosa/adventitia

• muscularis

• submucosa

superficial

1. serosa/adventita

2. muscularis

3. submucosa

4. mucosa

deep

Which statement is true regarding secondary bronchi?

a) the right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi

b) the left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi

c) each lung has two secondary bronchi

 d) each lung has three secondary bronchi

the left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi

What are the functions performed by the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

1. anchors the heart valves

2. provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles

3. provides the framework for the attachment of the myocardium

1, 2 and 3

Identify the vessel lying under the tip of the arrow (Hint: It is draining relatively deoxygenated blood from the tissue in this area.)

great cardiac vein

Match the correct letter with the term:

A) Purkinje fibers

B) AV node

C) SA node

D) Bundle branches

E) AV bundle/ bundle of his

Which hormones are secreted by both males & females which have an affect on gonads and the process of gametogenesis?

• LH

• FSH

The name for the stage of follicle development characterized by granulosa cells and an antrum and usually only 1-2 per month go on to the next stage of follicular development is a

secondary follicle

Where in the urinary tract is transitional epithelium found?

ureters, urinary bladder, and prostatic urethra

The most reported STDs/STIs among the 20-24 age group is (are)

Gonorrhea & Chlamydia

The basic functional urine forming unit of the kidney is called the:

 nephron

Match the following letter with the correct function:

A) propulsion

B) detoxifies

C) absorption

Which of the following plays a role during the digestive process?

C- epiglottis

Following a car accident, a broken rib penetrates into the __ causing blood to accumulate in the space between the visceral and parietal pluera.

 

pleural cavity

Match the following letters with the correct structure:

A) cricoid cartilage

B) arytenoid cartilage

C) epiglottis

D) thyroid cartilage

Match the correct letter with the term:

*dashed line from "H" to "G" is posterior to solid line from "M" to "D"

A) Vena Cava

B) Left Atrium

C) Pulmonary artery

D) Pulmonary trunk

E) Right Ventricle

F) Right Atrium

G) Aorta

H) Aortic semilunar valve

I) left ventricle

J) right artrioventricular (AV)/ tricuspid valve

K) left artioventricular (AV)/ bicuspid/ mitral valve

L ) pulmonary veins

M) pulmonary semilunar valve

Which structure is responsible for the reabsorption primarily of water, sodium, and chloride?

a) proximal convoluted tubule

b) collecting duct

 c) nephron loop

d) distal convoluted tubule

 c) nephron loop

Ovulation occurs when a secondary oocyte is released from a ruptured ______ follicle.

vesicular

The supporting cell in the seminiferous tubules that aids in sperm support & maturation is the

sustentacular cells

Functions of the respiratory system

• gas exchange

• protection from dehydration & pathogens

• sound production

Which is not a function of the digestive system?

• absorption

• ingestion

• micturition

• defecation

micturition

true or false: Chyme leaves the small intestine and enters the large intestine.

true

Bile is created in the [A] then travels through [B] ducts.  Bile can then go through the [C] duct to the [D] where it can be stored and concentrated.  Any bile going to the small intestine ultimately ends up going through the [E] duct where it meets up with the [F] duct from the pancreas.

A- Liver

B- Hepatic

C- Cystic

D- Gall Bladder

E- Common bile

F- Pancreatic

Which of the following is the most correct statement regarding the blood supply to the respiratory system?

• Most of the lungs receive blood that is high in oxygen.

• The primary and secondary bronchi receive blood that is high in oxygen.

• Both statements are TRUE.

• Both statements are FALSE.

The primary and secondary bronchi receive blood that is high in oxygen

The myocardium is the ___ layer of the heart wall and is partly made up of ___ tissue.

middle; cardiac muscle

Identify the vessel lying under the tip of the arrow (Hint: It is bringing relatively oxygenated blood to the tissue in this area.)

 

anterior interventricular artery

What are the sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle?

SA → through the artia → AV node → AV bundle → right and left bundle branches → purkinje fibers → through the ventricles

The epicardium is the ___ layer of the heart wall and is partly made up of ___ tissue.

outer ; simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is correct regarding cardiac muscle?

 

a) Cardiac muscle does not have a terminal cisternae, whereas skeletal muscle does.

 

b) Cardiac muscle has striations due to the light band and dark bands of the sarcomeres.

 

c) Both statements are TRUE.

 

d) Both statements are FALSE.

 

Both statements are TRUE

The endocardium is the ___ layer of the heart wall and is partly made up of ___ tissue.

 

inner; simple squamous epithelium

When comparing the tunics of the different organs in the digestive tract with the ‘default condition’ (‘normal’ composition of the tunics) which organ is different because its muscularis contains a different number of layers?

 

stomach

The two main functions of the large intestine are

 

absorption of water and defecation

Which of the following plays a role in sound production?

B

What type of tissue lines the trachea?

 

ciliated (pseudostratified) columnar epithelium

Which male reproductive accessory gland is responsible for secreting a viscous, whitish-yellow, alkaline seminal fluid that nourishes sperm, facilitates entry of sperm into the uterus, and makes the female vagina more hospitable?

 

seminal vesicles

Sperm are produced in the

 

seminiferous tubules

true or false: condoms prevent all STDs (100% efficacy).

False

The only 100% successful contraception method is

abstinence

Functions of the urinary system?

• removal of waste products from the bloodstream

• storage and excretion of urine

• regulation of blood volume

• regulation of erythrocyte production

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle when the ventricles relax?

a) Left atrioventricular valve

b) Right atrioventricular valve

c) aortic semilunar valve

d) pulmonary semilunar valve

pulmonary semilunar valve

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium when the atria relax?

a)Left atrioventricular valve

b) Right atrioventricular valve

c)aortic semilunar valve

d) pulmonary semilunar valve

Left atrioventricular valve

Identify the vessel lying under the tip of the arrow (Hint: It is bringing relatively oxygenated blood to the tissue in this area.)

right coronary artery

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax?

aortic semilunar valve

The female gonad is the ovary and is the site of oogenesis.  The male gonad is the scrotum and is the site of spermatogenesis.

false

The female gonad is the ovary, but oogenesis, occurs within the ovary.

The male gonad is the testis, not the scrotum,

The scrotum is the external sac that houses the testes, helping to regulate their temperature.