NPTE Final Frontier terms

Blood Pressure Classification: Normal

120/80

Blood Pressure Classification: Elevated

120-129/>80

Blood Pressure Classification: Stage 1

130-139/80-89

Blood Pressure Classification: Stage 2

140-149/>90

Blood Pressure Classification: Hypertensive crisis

SBP over 180 or DBP over 120

ABI Range: >1.2

falsely elevated

arterial disease

diabetes

ABI Range: 1.19-0.95

normal

ABI Range: 0.94-0.75

Mild arterial disease and intermittent claudication

ABI Range: 0.74-0.50

moderate arterial disease and rest pain

ABI Range: <0.50

severe arterial disease

Angina Scale: 0

no angina

Angina Scale: 1

Light, barely noticeable

Angina Scale: 2

Moderate, bothersome

Angina Scale: 3

Moderately severe, very uncomfortable:

preinfarction pain

Angina Scale: 4

most pain ever experienced: infarction pain

Edema/Pitting Scale: 1+

indentation is barely detectable

Edema/Pitting Scale: 2+

slight indentation visible when skin is depressed, returns to normal in 15 seconds

Edema/Pitting Scale: 3+

deeper indentation occurs when pressed and returns to normal within 30 seconds

Edema/Pitting Scale: 4+

indentation lasts for more than 30 seconds

Intermitted Claudication Grade: 1

minimal discomfort or pain

Intermitted Claudication Grade: 2

moderate discomfort or pain; patient's attention can be diverted

Intermitted Claudication Grade: 3

intense pain; patient's attention cannot be diverted

Intermitted Claudication Grade: 4

excruciating and unbearable pain

New York Heart Association Classification: Class 1

Mild HF

no limitations in physical activity (up to 6.5 METS)

comfortable at rest

ordinary activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpation, dyspnea, or anginal pain

New York Heart Association Classification: Class 2

Slight HF

slight limitation in physical activity (up to 4.5 METs)

comfortable at rest

ordinary activity results in fatigue, palpation, dyspnea, or anginal pain

New York Heart Association Classification: Class 3

Moderate HF

marked limitation in physical activity (up to 3.0 METs)

comfortable at rest

less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpation, dyspnea, or anginal pain

New York Heart Association Classification: Class 4

Severe HF

Unable to carry out any physical activity (1.5 METs) without discomfort

symptoms of ischemia, dyspnea, anginal pain present at rest, increasing with exercise

AHA Stages of HF: Stage A

at risk for HF but without structural heart disease or symptoms of HF

AHA Stages of HF: Stage B

structural heart disease but without sign or symptoms of HF

AHA Stages of HF: Stage C

structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF

AHA Stages of HF: Stage D

refractory HF requiring specialized interventions

Adult HR Norm

60-100bpm

Infant HR Norm

120 bpm

Infant BP Norm

75/50 mmHg

Adult RR Norm

12-20 br/min

Infant RR Norm

40 br/min

Adult PaO2 Norm

80-100 mmHg

Infant PaO2 Norma

75-80 mmHg

Adult Tidal Volume Norm

500ml

Infant Tidal Volume Norm

20ml

ASIA A

complete

ASIA B

Incomplete; sensory but not motor function is preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segments S4-5

Functional Gait Assessment

Tests: gait (differentiates between individuals with and without a vestibular dysfunction)

-10 items (normal pace on level surface, changing speed, walking while turning head horizontally and vertically, stopping and turning, stepping over obstacles, ambulating stairs, tandem walking, backward walking and walking with EC)

-scored 0-3

MAX SCORE=30

SCORE INTERPRETATION

<18=fall history

TUG

Assesses mobility and balance

Supported chair with firm surface and stands walks 10 feet and turn to sit down.

Any measurement over 20 seconds are increased risk for falls with 30 seconds being high risk.

ASIA C

incomplete motor function is preserved below the neurological level muscle grade less than 3

Tinetti

fall risk assessment.

First section assess balance through assesses things like STS, standing balance, turning 360 degrees, scored 0-2, max = 16.

Second section assesses gait at normal and increased speeds, look at step length, giat speed, initiation of gait, etc.

>24 = low risk

19-24 = moderate risk

< 19 = high risk for falls

ASIA D

incomplete motor function is preserved below the neurological level muscle grade greater than or equal to 3

ASIA E

Normal; motor and sensory function is normal

Romberg Test

assessment tool of balance and ataxia that uses stable vs unstable support, eyes open vs eyes closed and feet together vs tandem

PNF Initial Mobility

Contract-relax

Hold-relax

Hold-relax active movement

Joint distraction

Repeated contraction

Rhythmic initiation

Rhythmic rotation

Rhythmic stabilization

Functional Reach Test

Assesses a patient's stability and risk of falling by measuring the maximum distance an individual can reach forward while standing in a fixed position

-The location of the 3rd metacarpal is recorded

Women=

20 - 40 years: 14.6 (12.4-16.8 inches

41 - 69 years: 13.8 (11.6-16) inches

71-87 years: 10.5 (7-14) inches

Men =

20 - 40 years: 16.7 (14.8 - 18.8) inches

41 - 69 years: 14.9 (12.7-17.1) inches

71-87 years: 13.2 (11.6-14.8) inches

PNF Stability

Rhythmic stabilization

Alternating isometrics

Slow reversal

Slow reversal hold

Berg Balance Test

Assess risk of falling

14 tasks scored 0-4

Everyday living tasks, static, dynamic and transition movements in sitting and standing positions

Max score of 56

Less than 45 indicates increased fall risk

PNF Controlled Mobility

Slow reversal

Slow reversal hold

Agonistic reversals

PNF Skill

Agonistic reversals

Normal timing

Resisted progression

Slow reversal

Slow reversal hold

Timing for emphasis

Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance (FMA)

Assess balance specifically for patients with hemiplegia

Each of the 7 items are scored from 0-2

Cumulative test score is 226 -UE max score = 66; LE max score = 34; balance score 14

PNF For Trunk

Rhythmic initiation

Rhythmic rotation

Rhythmic stabilization

PNF for Gait

Agonistic reversals

Normal timing

Resisted progression

Slow reversal

Slow reversal hold

Timing for emphasis

PNF for ROM

Contract-relax

Hold-relax

Hold-relax active movement

Joint distraction

Repeated contraction

PNF for Feeding

Rhythmic stabilization

Alternating isometrics

Slow reversal

Slow reversal hold

Salter-Harris Fracture Classification: Type 1

entire epiphysis

Salter-Harris Fracture Classification: Type 2

entire epiphysis and portion of the metaphysis

Salter-Harris Fracture Classification: Type 3

portion of the epiphysis

Salter-Harris Fracture Classification: Type 4

portion of the epiphysis portion of the metaphysis

Salter-Harris Fracture Classification: Type 5

Nothing broken off

compression injury of the epiphyseal

Tissue Appearance in Imaging: Air

X-ray: Black

CT: Black

MRI T1: Black

MRI T2: Black

Tissue Appearance in Imaging: Fat

X-ray: Poorly visualized

CT: Black

MRI T1: White

MRI T2: Gray

Tissue Appearance in Imaging: Bone Cortex

X-ray: White

CT: White

MRI T1: Black

MRI T2: Black

Tissue Appearance in Imaging: Bone Marrow

X-ray: White

CT: Gray

MRI T1: White

MRI T2: Gray

X-ray tissue images

Air: black

Fat: poorly visualized

Bone Cortex: white

Bone Marrow: white

CT tissue images

Air: black

Fat: black

Bone Cortex: white

Bone Marrow: gray

MRI T1 tissue images

Air: black

Fat: white

Bone Cortex: black

Bone Marrow: white

MRI T2 tissue images

Air: black

Fat: gray

Bone Cortex: black

Bone Marrow: gray