Studied by 2 people
Behavior of attributing other behavior for internal causes, while attributing ours due to external causes.
Actor Observer bias
Sensory Neurons in charge to carry the info to the brain
Afferent Neurons
An apparently unselfish behavior that provides benefit to others at some cost to the individual.
Altruism
Book smarts, academic solving problems, solving problems, analytical skills.
Analytical Intelligence
Suggests that people are driven to perform actions in order to maintain an optimum level of physiological arousal.
EX: if our levels of arousal are low, we may seek somethig like throwing to a bridge (with a cord)
Arousal Theory
Relying on recent experience or exposure in order to judge frequency (first thing that pops into your mind).
Availability Heuristics
Fibrous membrane within the cochlea that supports the organs of corti. In respecte to sound the Basilia membrane vibrates. It provides info about the frequency of the sound, so different parts of the cochlea regio activate.
It vibrates
Basilar membrane
Is the tendency to cling to one's initial belief even after receiving new information that contradicts or disconfirms the basis of that belief. Everyone has tried to change someone's belief, only to have them stubbornly remain unchanged. (not accept external opinion)
Belief Perseverance
Trait assesses how open-minded, imaginative, creative, and insightful a person is. Those who are more open tend to be more willing to listen to multiple viewpoints or try new things. Those who are lower in openness tend to be averse to change and skeptical of new ideas.
BFT Openness
Trait characterized by excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional expressiveness.1 People high in extraversion are outgoing and tend to gain energy in social situations. Being around others helps them feel energized and excited.
BFT Extraversion
Reflects the tendency to be responsible, organized, hard-working, goal-directed, and to adhere to norms and rules.
BTF conscientiousness
Contrary as extraversion
BFT Introversion
Trait reflects individual differences in general concern for social harmony. Agreeable individuals value getting along with others. They are generally considerate, kind, generous, trusting and trustworthy, helpful, and willing to compromise their interests with others.
BFT Agreeableness
Defined as a tendency toward anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and other negative feelings. All personality traits, including neuroticism, exist on a spectrum—some people are just much more neurotic than others.
BFT Neuroticism
focus on the argument; leads to lasting change
\n - Most influential for decisions requiring major thought \n - Only works if the buyer is motivated and educated about the argument
Central Route to perception
Bony fluid which is part of the inner ear, participates in the auditory transduction, has receptor cells that respond to vibrations transmitted to the inner ear, it is shaped like a snail shell, inside has 3 canals, made with the basilar membrane and the organ of corti, it also contains hair cells.
Cochlea
The act of selecting information according to preexisting beliefs, while ignoring or rejecting information supporting contrary beliefs./Tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
Confirmation Bias
The context (location) in which you learn info will be the best place to recall it
Context Dependent Memory
Occurs when the solution to a problem can be deduced by applying established rules and logical reasoning. Limits creativity, question invites only one answer.
Convergent Thinking
is the ability to invent solutions to new problems. It often requires thinking in unique or unusual ways, sometimes in collaboration with others, but also on your own.
Creative intelligence
Erosion of personal identity and responsibility (“mob mentality”) when in a \n group.
Without thinking
Deindividuation
Is cognition that leads in various directions. encourages creativity, a question can have multiple answers.
Divergent Thinking
People will agree to a small request after having been presented with a large request \n - Ex. After being asked to \n donate a large sum of money \n people are more likely to \n donate a small sum
Door in the face phenommenon
Is the idea of using different types of stimuli to help learners encode information in their brains more effectively
Dual Encoding
Motor Neurons, they led the stimulus from the brain.
Efferent Neurons
Refers to the conscious recollection of a personal experience that contains information on what has happened and also where and when it happened
Episodic Memory
Perception that change of outside forces beyond you control influence tou fate, can lead to learned helplessness.
External Locus of Control
motivation to participate in an activity based on meeting an external goal, garnering praise and approval, winning a competit
Extrinsic Motivation
Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement.
Feature Detectors
Is a clear memory of an emotionally significant event, but it can sometimes be inaccurately remembered, adrenaline and cortisol (a stress hormone) help to solidify memories with acetylcholine.
Flashbulb Memories
People who have agreed to a small request will later comply with a larger \n request \n - Ex. After placing a small sign in their yard people were more likely to agree to place a larger sign when asked
Foot in the door phenmenon
Tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to \n overestimate the personal disposition with others
EX: he failed the test because he has like 2 iq points, not because he got kicked out of his house last week.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Tendency to mentally fill the gap.
Gestalt Principle of Closure
The tendency to organize the visual field into objects (figures) that stand apart from surroundings (back ground).
Gestalt Principle of figure / Ground
Items overlapping appear closer
Gestalt Principle of Interposition
Phenomenon when “members of a deliberating group move toward a more extreme point in whatever direction is indicted by the members' predeliberation tendency.
Group Poralization
Desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Impairs decision making
Overestimation of power, close mindedness
Groupthink
Influenced by a belief that the groups must be right. “I must be wrong”
Informational Social Influence
The process of learning how to solve a problem or do something new by applying what is already known.
Insight Learning
Perception you control your own fate.
Internal Locus of Control
Motivation for a behavior is the behavior itself
You do it because you enjoy it.
Intrinsic Motivation
Cells located n your joints, tendons, and muscles sense your body position and tells your brain where you are.
(Propioception)
Kinesthetic System
After being repeatedly punished, you have no desire to try even though te outcome might change.
Learned Helplessness
Describes memory recall of stimuli as a function of the depth of mental processing. Deeper levels of analysis produce more elaborate, longer-lasting, and stronger memory traces than shallow levels of analysis.
Levels of Procesising
Is a process involving persistent strengthening of synapses that leads to a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between neurons. Neural basis of memory, connections are strenghted over time with repeated stimulation.
Long term potentation
The tendency to approach a problem in a designed way (only one).
Mental Set
Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases their attraction. Operates according to halo / horns effect though
Mere Exposure Effect
Take away something good to decrease behavior
Negative Punishment
Take away/avoid something bad to increase behavior
Negative Reinforcement
Influenced by a need to be part of the group \n o“I want to fit in”
Normative Social Influence
The result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing
ex: yo were going to clean your room, but your mom told you to do so, so you dont do it.
Overjustification Effect
Influenced by incidental cues (like speaker’s attractiveness) leads to temporary change. Targets uninvolved consumers. Uses emotional appeals
Peripheal route to persuasion
Add something bad to decrease behavior
Positive Punishment
Add something good to increase behavior
Positive Reinforcement
The ability that individuals use to find a more optimal fit between themselves and the demands of the environment through adapting, shaping, or selecting a new environment in the pursuit of personally valued goals. Street smarts
Practical Intelligence
Old information blocks new info
Proactive Interferance
Involves “knowing how” to do things. It included skills, such as “knowing how” to playing the piano, ride a bike; tie your shoes and other motor skills.
Procedual Memory
Remembering you need to do something in the future/ remembering to perform delayed intentions at an appropriate time or event in the future.
Ex: you have homework tomorrow.
Prospective Memory
Justify somethig that is happening by “logic”.
Rationalization
The social standard that people who help others will receive equivalent benefits from them in return.
Reciprocity Norm
Making inferences or predictions based on experience, think stereotypes.
Representative Heuristic
New information blocks old info
Retroactive Interferance
Mental structures that an individual uses to organize knowledge and guide cognitive processes and behaviour. People use schemata (the plural of schema) to categorize objects and events based on common elements and characteristics and thus interpret and predict the world.
ex: how a restaurant should look like
Schema
The belief that one can succed.
Self Efficacy
A belief that leads to a person changing their actions to result in its own fulfillment.
Tendency to behave in ways that reinforce your beliefs and actions, thus causing them to come true.
Self fulfilling prophecy
Refers to our general world knowledge that encompasses memory for concepts, facts, and the meanings of words and other symbolic units that constitute formal communication systems such as language or math.
Semantic memory
Memories that generally include quick observations, and are only stored up to 30 seconds. Maintaining items in a short- term store and transferring information about the items to a more permanent long-term store is due through rehersal (ensayo).
Short term memory
The presence of others results in better performance on simple or well learned tasks.
Does not work for complex tasks
Social facilitation
The inability of people to perform complex or unfamiliar tasks in the presence of people.
Social inhibition
Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
Social Loafing
The physical condition (state) you’re in influences what you’ll remember
State dependent memory
The inner ear and brain structure that afford a sense of equilibrium and balance.
Vestibular system
Simple tasks require higher levels of arousal. Harder tasks require a lower level of aorusal. (too much or too little is detrimental).
Yerkes-Dodson law
Note 
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