Unit 1 - Introduction to Psychology

Mary Whiton Calkins

informed theory and research of memory, dreams, and the self

Charles Darwin

studied natural selection of mating preferences, studies the evolutionary origins of human behavior

Dorethea Dix

founded/expanded 30+ hospitals for the treatment of the mentally ill

Sigmund Freud

founded the psychoanalytic school of thought, an emphasis on unconscious processes influencing behavior

G. Stanley Hall

established the first psychology lab in the U.S. in 1883, the first president of the American Psychological Association

William James

father of American psychology

Ivan Pavlov

developed classical conditioning

Jean Piaget

development- studied children

Carl Rogers

charges that both psychoanalytic and behavioral approaches were dehumanizing

B.F. Skinner

invented operant conditioning and the "Skinner Box"

Margarate Floy Washburn

experimental work in animal behavior and motor theory development

John B. Watson

founder of Behaviorism (all behavior is caused by observation or consequences of doing it) nurture not nature

Wilhelm Wundt

(father of psychology) campaigned to make psychology an independent discipline and established the first lab for the study of psychology in 1879

Structuralism

(Edward Titchener) analyze consciousness into basic elements

Introspection

careful, systematic observations of ones own conscious experience

Functionalism

(William James) investigate the function of consciousness, which led to an investigation of mental testing, developmental patterns, and sex differences

Early Behaviorism

reaction to mentalism - introspection

Gestalt

the idea that our minds tend to see patterns in everything

Psychoanalytic/ Psychodynamic

patient’s free association plus therapists interpretations - releases previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

Humanistic

belief that humans are unique beings and should be recognized and treated as such

Evolutionary

natural selection occurs for behavioral, as well as physical characteristics

Biological

behavior explained in terms of physiological processes (brain genetics, neurotransmitters, hormones)

Cognitive

human intelligence, perception, language, attention, memory, thinking, and problem-solving

Biopsychosocial

integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Biological Domain

a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

Clinical Domain

studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Cognitive Domain

mental action of occurring knowledge and intelligence

Counseling Domain

assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being

Developmental Domain

studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan

Educational Domain

the study of how people learn

Experimental Domain

investigator manipulates factors to observe the effect it causes

Industrial-Organizational Domain

application of psychological concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces

Personality Domain

an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Psychometric Domain

testing, measurement, assessment, and related activities

Social Domain

the way feelings, thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and goals are constructed - influence our interaction with others

Positive Psychology Domain

the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communicate to thrive