chapter twelve pathology

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Health

11th

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31 Terms

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Asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction
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Atelectasis
Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
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Auscultation
listening to sounds within the body
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Bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of bronchus usually secondary to infection
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Chronic Bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Croup
acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor
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Cystic Fibrosis
inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally. 
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diphtheria
acute infection of the throat and upper respitory tract caused by diphtheria bacterium
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Emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
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Epistaxis
nosebleed
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Lung cancer
malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
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Mesothelioma
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
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percussion
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
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Pertussis
whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis
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Pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
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Pleural rub
scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.
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Pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
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Pneumoconiosis
abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
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Pneumonia
Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.
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Pulmonary Abscess
Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.
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Pulmonary Edema
Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles.
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Pulmonary Embolism
Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
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Pulmonary Fibrosis
Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.
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Rales (crackles)
Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli.
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Rhonchi
Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.
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Sarcoidosis
Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
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Sputum
Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.
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Stridor
Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.
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tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.
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Wheezes
Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.
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Pyothorax
pus in the chest cavity