chapter twelve pathology

Asthma

chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction

Atelectasis

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Auscultation

listening to sounds within the body

Bronchiectasis

chronic dilation of bronchus usually secondary to infection

Chronic Bronchitis

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Croup

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

Cystic Fibrosis

inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.

diphtheria

acute infection of the throat and upper respitory tract caused by diphtheria bacterium

Emphysema

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Epistaxis

nosebleed

Lung cancer

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

Mesothelioma

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

percussion

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

Pertussis

whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

Pleural effusion

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

Pleural rub

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.

Pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura

Pneumoconiosis

abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Pneumonia

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.

Pulmonary Abscess

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.

Pulmonary Edema

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles.

Pulmonary Embolism

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.

Rales (crackles)

Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli.

Rhonchi

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.

Sarcoidosis

Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.

Sputum

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.

Stridor

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.

tuberculosis

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.

Wheezes

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.

Pyothorax

pus in the chest cavity