PEH1 Review Notes 2025-2026

Flashcards cover history, curriculum guidelines, definitions, fitness concepts, and the components of health- and skill-related fitness, plus body types and common movement terms from the notes.

Turner Societies

German immigrant gymnastic clubs advocating heavy apparatus training (e.g., side horse, parallel and horizontal bars) for fitness.

Swedish system

Exercise method emphasizing health through prescribed movement patterns with light apparatus (e.g., wands, climbing ropes).

English system of physical education

System that stressed moral development through participation in physical activities, influencing American PE.

Round Hill School (1823)

First private school in Northampton, MA to include physical education as an integral part of the curriculum.

Catherine Beecher (1824)

Founder of Hartford Female Seminary; included calisthenics and designed an exercise program for American children.

California law (1866)

First state to require twice-daily exercise periods in public schools.

Thomas Wood (1893)

Stated that PE should relate physical training to complete education and life of the individual.

The New Physical Education (1927)

Publication by Wood and Rosalind Cassidy promoting education through the physical.

AAHPERD

American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance.

Elementary PE time

150 minutes per week; curriculum aims at acquiring/refining fundamental motor patterns (e.g., running, jumping, throwing).

Secondary PE time

225 minutes per week; middle school focuses on a variety of team/individual sports with skills built from elementary level.

High school PE focus

Lifetime sports skills (e.g., golf, tennis, aerobic dance) with secondary emphasis on team sports.

Importance of Physical Education

Benefits body and mind; improves injury prevention, confidence, mental health; educates about health and body function.

Definition of Physical Education (PE)

Develops fitness and fosters lifelong participation; teaches health benefits and risks of activity; builds social skills.

Four objectives of PE: Physical Development

Develop control over body and coordination; achieve high physical fitness.

Four objectives of PE: Social Development

Develop desirable social traits through PE participation and interactions.

Four objectives of PE: Emotional Development

Encourage self-expression and emotional mastery; diplomacy and truthful interaction.

Four objectives of PE: Mental Development

Develop mental capacities; learn movement rules, strategies, memory, problem solving and decision making.

Definition of Physical Fitness

A set of attributes enabling physical activity and daily functioning; health-related fitness is most attainable with activity.

Health-related fitness components

Body composition, aerobic capacity, flexibility, muscular endurance, muscular strength.

Base of Support

Area beneath the body that provides stability and supports balance.

Cardiovascular Endurance

Heart, vessels, and lungs' ability to supply oxygen/nutrients to muscles during sustained exercise.

Closed Skill

Motor skills performed in a stable, predictable environment.

Open Skill

Motor skills performed in a changing, unpredictable environment.

Contraindicated Exercises

Exercises that are dangerous and should not be performed.

Cool-Down

Five to ten minutes of light to moderate activity after exercise.

Coordination (skill-related)

Ability to perform complex movements smoothly by integrating senses, nervous system, and muscles.

Dehydration

Loss of water and important salts from the body.

Developmental Stages

Three stages before mature movement: initial, elementary, and mature.

Disability (definition used in notes)

Child with disabilities; includes various impairments (mental, hearing, speech, visual, emotional).

Exercise

Physical activity conducted to develop physical fitness.

Fundamental Movement Skills

Basic movements combining patterns of two or more body segments; includes loco-motor, non-loco-motor, and manipulative skills.

General Space

Area surrounding a person’s immediate space.

Group Dynamics

Interactions and relationships within a group.

Health

Optimal well-being contributing to quality of life.

Health-Related Physical Fitness

Fitness components related to health: body composition, aerobic capacity, flexibility, muscular endurance, muscular strength.

Hypokinetic

Lack of regular physical activity.

Hypokinetic Diseases

Diseases linked to poor diet, inactivity, and sedentary lifestyle.

Indicators of Increased Capacity

Body responses to changes in intensity, duration, frequency, or time spent in activity.

Individual Activity

Physical activities requiring only one participant.

Intensity (training principle)

How hard to exercise during physical activity.

Interpersonal Communication Skills

Verbal/nonverbal abilities to share feelings, thoughts, and information positively.

Interpersonal Social Skills

Skills such as cooperation, respect, and encouragement in group settings.

Large-Muscle Groups

Muscles that work together with substantial mass relative to other groups.

Lead-Up Game

A game that uses basic skills/strategies of a sport to prepare for more complex play.

Loco-motor Skills

Basic movements involving change of position/direction (e.g., walking, running, skipping).

Manipulative Movements

Skills involving handling an object (e.g., throwing, catching, kicking, trapping).

Mature Form

Critical elements of a skill performed smoothly and continually.

Mature Stage

Development stage with integrated, well-coordinated movement patterns.

Moderate Physical Activity

Activity requiring sustained rhythmic movement at moderate intensity.

Motor Development

Study of changes in movement behaviors and motor skills across life.

Motor Learning

Study of changes in ability to perform motor skills.

Motor Skills

Voluntary movements of body or limbs to achieve a goal.

Non-loco-motor Movements

Movements from a stable base of support (e.g., bending, stretching, twisting).

Plyometric Exercise

Involves an eccentric contraction followed by a concentric contraction for explosive power.

Power (skill-related)

Ability to perform work quickly; rate of doing work.

Relationship

Position of the body in relation to the floor, apparatus, or others.

Vigorous Physical Activity

High-intensity activity with sustained, rhythmic movement.

Warm-Up Exercises

Low-intensity activities prepping muscles, skeletal system, and cardio-respiratory system.

Physical Activity (definition)

Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle increasing energy expenditure.

Fitness thresholds: body fat

To qualify as fit: men <17% body fat; women <24% body fat.

Body fat ranges (avg)

Average man 18–24%; average woman 25–31% body fat.

Body Types: Ectomorph

Thin, struggles to gain weight; hard gainers.

Body Types: Mesomorph

Natural muscular, wide shoulders, narrow waist; easy to gain/maintain muscle.

Body Types: Endomorph

Wider build, tendency to gain weight and fat; may have more muscle but more fat.

Speed (skill-related)

Ability to move from one point to another in a straight line; rapid movement.

Agility

Ability to move quickly and change direction with balance.

Balance (skill-related)

Maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving.

Reaction Time

Time between recognizing a stimulus and responding.

Open vs Closed Skills distinction

Open: changing environment; Closed: stable environment.