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The Giver * Jonas feels frightened after seeing an aircraft fly over the community. * The community has very strict rules. * Families share feelings every day. * Jonas lives with Mother, Father, and Lily. * We learn about the “Ceremony of Twelve.” Chapter 2 * Parents explain the Ceremony of Twelve to Jonas. * At age 12, children receive their life assignments. * Jonas worries about what assignment he will get. * Father works with newborn babies. * The community values sameness and order. Chapter 3 * Jonas notices something strange about Gabriel’s eyes — they are pale like his own. * Jonas briefly sees an apple change color. * Father secretly brings Gabriel home for extra care. * Jonas begins noticing differences others do not. Chapter 4 * Jonas volunteers at the House of the Old. * He helps bathe an elderly woman named Larissa. * Larissa talks happily about “release.” * Jonas thinks release is a positive ceremony. Chapter 5 * Families discuss dreams in the morning. * Jonas has a dream about Fiona and realizes he is having “Stirrings.” * His mother gives him pills to stop these feelings. * The community controls emotions and attraction. Chapter 6 * The Ceremony begins. * Different age groups receive new responsibilities. * Children move to new stages of life. * Jonas becomes nervous waiting for his assignment. Chapter 7 * The Chief Elder skips Jonas during the Ceremony of Twelve. * Jonas feels embarrassed and afraid. * The community reacts silently. * The Chief Elder says Jonas was not forgotten. Chapter 8 * Jonas is selected as the new Receiver of Memory. * The Receiver is the most honored role in the community. * Jonas is told he has intelligence, integrity, courage, and wisdom. * Previous Receiver-in-training failed 10 years earlier. Chapter 9 * Jonas receives special rules: * He may lie. * He is exempt from rudeness rules. * He cannot discuss training. * He may ask any question. * Jonas becomes frightened by the power of his role. Chapter 10 * Jonas goes to the Annex behind the House of the Old. * He meets the Receiver, who asks Jonas to call him “The Giver.” * The room contains books, unlike the rest of the community. * Jonas begins his training. Chapter 11 * The Giver gives Jonas his first memory: snow and sledding. * Jonas experiences real pain and pleasure for the first time. * He learns his community removed memories to avoid suffering. * Jonas now understands snow, hills, and sunshine are real things from the past

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CHEM CHAPTER 14 PLEASE HELP

how can industrial development/investment help to close the dev gap?

Helping relationships

young people should be required to do unpaid work helping people in the community.

Understand the Basic Principles of Haircutting Good haircuts begin with an understanding of the shape of the head, referred to as the head form, also known as head shape. Hair responds differently on various areas of the head depending on the length and the cutting technique used. Being aware of where the head form curves, turns, and changes will help you achieve the look that you and your client are seeking. Reference Points Reference points on the head mark where the surface of the head changes, such as the ears, jawline, occipital bone, or apex. These points are used to establish design lines (figure 16-1). An understanding of head shape and reference points will help you in the following ways: Finding balance within the design, so that both sides of the haircut turn out the same. Developing the ability to create the same haircut consistently. Showing where and when it is necessary to change technique to make up for irregularities (such as a flat crown) in the head form. Standard reference points are defined below: Parietal ridge (puh-RY-ate-ul RIJ). This is the widest area of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown. This area is easily found by placing a comb flat on the side of the head: The parietal ridge is found where the head starts to curve away from the comb. The parietal ridge is also referred to as the crest area (figure 16-2). Occipital bone (ahk-SIP-ih-tul BOHN). The bone that protrudes at the base of the skull is the occipital bone. To find the occipital bone, simply feel the back of the skull or place a comb flat against the nape and find where the comb leaves the head (figure 16-3). Apex (AY-peks). This is the highest point on the top of the head. This area is easily located by placing a comb flat on the top of the head. The comb will rest on that highest point (figure 16-4). Four corners. These may be located in one of two ways. One is by placing two combs flat against the side and back, and then locating the back corner at the point where the two combs meet (figure 16-5). The second is by making two diagonal lines crossing the apex of the head, which then point directly to the front and back corners (figure 16-6). You will not necessarily use every reference point for every haircut, but it is important to know where they are. The location of the four corners, for example, signals a change in the shape of the head from flat to round and vice versa. This change in the surface can have a significant effect on the outcome of the haircut. For example, the two front corners represent the widest points in the bang area. Cutting past these points can cause the bang to end up on the sides of the haircut once it is dry, creating an undesirable result. Areas of the Head The areas of the head are described below (figure 16-7): Top. By locating the parietal ridge, you can find the hair that grows on the top of the head. This hair lies on the head shape. Hair that grows below the parietal ridge, or crest, hangs because of gravity. You can locate the top by parting the hair at the parietal ridge, and continuing all the way around the head. Front. By making a parting, or drawing a line from the apex to the back of the ear, you can separate the hair that naturally falls in front of the ear from the hair behind the ear. Everything that falls in front of the ear is considered the front. Sides. The sides are easy to locate. They include all hair from the back of the ear forward, below the parietal ridge. Crown. The crown is the area between the apex and the back of the parietal ridge. On many people, the crown is flat and is the site of cowlicks or whorls. Because of this, it is extremely important to pay special attention to this area when haircutting. Nape. The nape is the area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital bone. The nape can be located by taking a horizontal parting, or by making a horizontal line across the back of the head at the occipital bone. Back. By making a parting or drawing a line from the apex to the back of the ear, you can locate the back of the head, which consists of all the hair that falls naturally behind the ear. When you have identified the front, you have also identified the back. Bang area. also known as fringe area. The bang area is a triangular section that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners (figure 16-8). This area can be located by placing a comb on top of the head so that the middle of the comb is balanced on the apex. The spot where the comb leaves the head in front of the apex is where the bang area begins. Note that the bang area, when combed into a natural falling position, falls no farther than the outer corners of the eyes

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DECIDE and HELP processes (health)

Altruism and Helping Behaviour

Positive thinking could help boost your immune system

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Which of the following was an economic policy of Louis XIV's finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert? C. Establishing detailed manufacturing codes to improve the quality of French export goods Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the first paragraph? D. Helping the people will strengthen the state Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the second paragraph? Cultivate good relations with your neighbors in case of disputes. Which of the following best summarizes the advice given by Frederick William in the third paragraph? C. Alliances are useful but a state should rely on its own strength The system of intendants was established in seventeenth-century France primarily to B. implement royal policies locally The event shown in the engraving is associated with the development of which of the following forms of government in Europe in the seventeenth century? A. Absolutism The depiction of the scene in the engraving best illustrates which of the following aspects of the French aristocracy under Louis XIV's rule? A. The maintenance of the aristocracy's privileged social position Military operations such as the one shown in the engraving were most strongly supported by which of the following features of Louis XIV's government? B. The creation of a strong centralized system of taxation and state finance Which of the following represents the final defeat of efforts by the Ottoman Empire to acquire large areas of central Europe? d. The siege of Vienna (1683) The Russian woodcut above (about 1698) symbolizes Peter the Great's c. imposition of Western values on the Russian nobility The establishment and growth of St. Petersburg during the early eighteenth century was part of Peter the Great's attempt to do which of the following? C. Remake Russian institutions to be as effective as those in Western Europe Which of the following best describes the claim communicated by the artist about the Peace of Westphalia? D. The treaty would lead to a new period of peace and prosperity. The artist's statement that the kings of France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire "stand united" most clearly suggests that A. he hoped the Peace of Westphalia would bring the rival Catholic powers back together The presence of Bellona and the statement that "the people are obedient under you, o great Philip" best support the argument that the artist B. wished to portray the Catholic Habsburgs as the victors "Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of Divine power upon Earth." Which of the following was most likely to agree with this statement? B. James I of England The "malicious words" attributed to the accused best illustrate which of the following developments in England in the late seventeenth century? C. The ongoing tensions between Parliament and the Crown over the limits of royal authority. Michael Ferrer's defense best illustrates which of the following? B. The Protestant victory in the Glorious Revolution The outcome of the trial best illustrates which of the following (Michael Ferrer)? A. The protection of the rights of the gentry and aristocracy from monarchical power The cartoon above from sev

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What are the two religions born in the 5th century BCE? / Jainism and Buddhism What was the Vedic Era known for? / The beginning of Vedic religious beliefs and rituals recorded in the Vedas What were the Vedas? / Sacred Sanskrit scriptures and collections of hymns considered sources of knowledge Who were the Vedic people? / Pastoral people living in the Punjab region What materials did Vedic people mainly use? / Wood, clay, bamboo, and other temporary materials What was yajna? / A fire sacrifice ritual performed to please natural deities Did Vedic religion require temples or idols? / No, rituals were performed without temples or iconography What type of religion was early Vedic faith? / A naturalistic polytheistic religion Why were there many gods in Vedic religion? / Because each natural phenomenon had its own deity Who performed yajna rituals? / Priests called yajaka Who was the yajmana? / The patron or benefactor for whom the yajna was performed What was Varna? / The caste system in Vedic society What does Varna mean? / Color or kind Why is Vedic religion also called Brahmanism? / Because Brahmin priests held great importance What is Hinduism described as in the notes? / A broad term covering many religious systems, sects, and cults Which Veda is considered the oldest? / Rig Veda How were the Vedas passed down originally? / Through oral tradition What problem occurred because of oral transmission of the Vedas? / Chronological and dating errors What did the later Vedas mainly contain? / Sacrificial instructions, magic formulas, and spells What was the Shramanic tradition? / A movement opposing Vedic beliefs and Brahmanism Who were the Shramanas? / Ascetics and wanderers searching for ultimate truth What does Shramana mean? / Striving and working hard through austerity Why did Shramanas leave their homes? / To search for truth about life and the universe Which Shramanic traditions survived into modern times? / Buddhism and Jainism What does Jainism believe in? / Eternal souls and extreme austerities for liberation What does Buddhism believe in? / Impermanence, nonexistence of soul, and the middle path What is the Buddhist middle path? / A moderate path avoiding extremes to achieve Nirvana Why did Buddhism spread more widely than Jainism? / Buddhism became missionary and spread across Asia Why did Jainism remain limited mainly to India? / Because it lacked missionary expansion What political factor helped Buddhism rise? / Changing political conditions in South Asia What material change occurred during the Mauryan period? / A shift from perishable materials to stone and durable materials How did Alexander’s invasion affect South Asia? / It introduced foreign artistic and cultural influences Who founded the Maurya Empire? / Chandragupta Maurya Who was Seleucus Nicator? / A Greek general of Alexander the Great Who was Megasthenes? / A Greek ambassador to the Mauryan court Who expanded the Mauryan Empire into the Deccan? / Bindusara Who was Ashoka? / The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya and a major Buddhist ruler What event changed Ashoka’s attitude toward violence? / The War of Kalinga How did Ashoka react after the Kalinga War? / He felt deep regret for violence What did Ashoka reportedly build after embracing Buddhism? / Thousands of stupas What were Ashoka’s edicts? / Inscriptions spread across his empire promoting moral teachings What is the Lion Capital of Sarnath? / A famous Mauryan sculpture and symbol of authority Which foreign styles influenced Mauryan art? / Achaemenid Persian and Greek styles What is Mauryan polish? / A smooth, shiny finish used on Mauryan sculptures and pillars Why do some Mauryan sculptures appear highly developed? / Because Persian or Persian-trained craftsmen likely worked on them What medium remained continuously used in South Asia since Harappan times? / Terracotta What kinds of objects were commonly made from terracotta? / Sculpture, pottery, toys, and ornaments What are Yakshas and Yakshis? / Nature spirits associated with fertility and prosperity What issue exists with dating Mauryan sculptures? / Many sculptures are difficult to date accurately What do Mauryan male statues resemble stylistically? / Wood carving traditions What architectural tradition began with rock-cut caves? / The long tradition of rock-cut architecture in South Asia What inspired early rock-cut caves? / Persian cave traditions and wooden architecture What was special about the Sanchi Stupa during the Shunga period? / Decorative yakshi carvings and mature relief work were added What were yakshis associated with? / Fertility and nature worship What artistic style characterized Shunga reliefs? / Shallow relief inspired by wood carving What are Jataka tales? / Stories about the previous lives of the Buddha What symbols represented Buddha before his human image appeared? / Wheels, Bodhi trees, footprints, and empty thrones What does the term “Early Classic” describe? / The artistic maturity of Shunga and Andh