APES Help me please :(

HIPPCO

Habitat destruction

Invasive species

Population growth

Pollution

Climate change

Over exploitation

What is tragedy of the commons

Commons (resources shared among a large group of people) being depleted or destroyed by individual due to act of self interest

Tilling

Breaking up the soil

Contour plowing

Plowing along the natural curves of the land

Conventional/industrial agriculture

Relies on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides + heavy machinery

Organic agriculture

Avoids synthetic fertilizers and relies on compost but lower yeilds

Ex: crop rotation and cover crops

Sustainable/regenerative agriculture

Focus on long term ecosystem health

Ex: no till farming, cover crops, and poly cultures

Ecosystem service: cultural

Non-material benefits that contribute to well-being (recreational, aesthetics, spiritual value)

Ecosystem service: Provisioning

Goods we obtain directly (food, water, raw materials)

Ecosystem service: Regulating

Natural processes that keep environmental conditions stable (climate regulation, water purification, pollination)

Ecosystem service: Supporting

Processes that keep ecosystems functioning, enable all other services (primary production, biodiversity, biogeochemical cycles)

Source of co2

Short residence time

Produced through combustion (burning biomass)

Ex: atmosphere

Sink/reservoir of co2

Long residence time

Ex:

1. Hydrosphere

2. Lithosphere

3. Biosphere

Aerobic

CO2 release when oxygen is present

Anaerobic

CH4 is released when oxygen is absent

Succession

Natural process where ecosystems recover and develop after a disturbance

Survivorship curves: type l

K selective species

Low birth rate

High survival

Ex: humans

Survivorship curve: type ll

In between R and K selective species

Ex: birds

Survivorship curve: type lll

R selective species

High birth rate

Low survival

Ex: trees

Crude birth rate (CBR)

The number of births per 1000 people per year

# of births in one year

——————————- x 1000

Total population

Crude death rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1000 people per year

# of deaths in one year

——————————- x 1000

Total population

Malthusian theory

Human population is growing exponentially while food supply grows library which will lead to crisis (war, famine, and disease)

Growth rate

(CBR + immigration) - (CDR + emigration)

——————————————— = rate %

10

K

Carrying capacity

TFR

Total fertility rate