Helping relationships

"Helping Relationship"

"Professional relationship focused on client growth

"Core Conditions"

"Rogers’ three therapist qualities: empathy

"Empathy"

"Understanding the client’s feelings and perspective."

"Congruence"

"Therapist genuineness and authenticity."

"Unconditional Positive Regard"

"Acceptance of the client without judgment."

"Active Listening"

"Attending carefully to verbal and nonverbal communication."

"Reflection of Feeling"

"Identifying and restating emotional content."

"Paraphrasing"

"Restating the client’s message in concise form."

"Summarization"

"Pulling together themes or major points."

"Clarification"

"Helping make a client’s statement more clear."

"Open Ended Question"

"Question encouraging elaboration and exploration."

"Closed Ended Question"

"Question answered briefly or with specific information."

"Immediacy"

"Addressing what is happening in the therapeutic relationship in the present moment."

"Confrontation"

"Gently pointing out discrepancies or inconsistencies."

"Silence"

"Intentional pause used therapeutically."

"Minimal Encouragers"

"Brief responses encouraging continued sharing."

"Attending Behavior"

"Nonverbal engagement such as eye contact and posture."

"Joining"

"Building rapport and connection with the client or family."

"Rapport"

"Trusting and collaborative therapeutic connection."

"Therapeutic Alliance"

"Collaborative bond between counselor and client."

"Resistance"

"Client behaviors that avoid change or emotional discomfort."

"Transference"

"Client projects feelings from past relationships onto counselor."

"Countertransference"

"Counselor projects personal feelings onto client."

"Self Disclosure"

"Counselor sharing personal information therapeutically and intentionally."

"Goal Setting"

"Collaborative identification of counseling objectives."

"Treatment Planning"

"Structured plan for addressing client goals."

"Termination"

"Planned ending of counseling relationship."

"Referral"

"Directing a client to another professional or resource."

"Informed Consent"

"Explaining counseling process

"Confidentiality"

"Protecting client information within ethical limits."

"Privileged Communication"

"Legal protection against forced disclosure in court."

"Duty to Warn"

"Responsibility to warn identifiable victims of danger."

"Tarasoff Case"

"Court case establishing duty to warn and protect."

"Mandated Reporting"

"Legal obligation to report abuse or neglect."

"Dual Relationship"

"Multiple relationships that risk harming objectivity."

"Boundary Crossing"

"Non harmful departure from typical therapeutic boundaries."

"Boundary Violation"

"Boundary behavior that harms or exploits the client."

"Multicultural Counseling"

"Counseling that considers cultural identity and context."

"Cultural Competence"

"Ability to work effectively with diverse populations."

"Microaggression"

"Subtle communication conveying bias or invalidation."

"Broaching"

"Initiating discussion about cultural differences and identity."

"Person Centered Therapy"

"Rogers’ approach emphasizing growth and acceptance."

"Motivational Interviewing"

"Collaborative method enhancing motivation for change."

"OARS"

"MI skills: Open questions

"DARN"

"MI change talk: Desire

"CATS"

"MI change talk: Commitment

"Stages of Change"

"Precontemplation

"Precontemplation"

"Client does not yet recognize a problem."

"Contemplation"

"Client is ambivalent about change."

"Preparation"

"Client intends to begin change."

"Action"

"Client actively makes changes."

"Maintenance"

"Client works to sustain change."

"Relapse"

"Return to previous behaviors after change efforts."

"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy"

"Approach linking thoughts

"Automatic Thoughts"

"Immediate thoughts influencing emotions and behavior."

"Cognitive Distortion"

"Inaccurate thinking pattern contributing to distress."

"Behavioral Activation"

"Increasing positive and meaningful activities."

"Exposure Therapy"

"Gradual confrontation of feared stimuli."

"Systematic Desensitization"

"Relaxation paired with gradual exposure."

"Gestalt Therapy"

"Approach emphasizing awareness and present experience."

"Empty Chair Technique"

"Gestalt exercise involving imagined dialogue."

"Reality Therapy"

"Glasser approach emphasizing choices and responsibility."

"WDEP"

"Reality therapy process: Wants

"Solution Focused Brief Therapy"

"Approach emphasizing strengths and solutions."

"Miracle Question"

"SFBT question exploring desired future changes."

"Scaling Question"

"SFBT technique rating experiences numerically."

"Exception"

"Times when the problem is absent or reduced."

"Family Systems Theory"

"View that family members influence one another systemically."

"Triangle"

"Three person emotional system in Bowen theory."

"Differentiation of Self"

"Ability to balance emotion and individuality."

"Enmeshment"

"Poor boundaries and over involvement in relationships."

"Disengagement"

"Emotional distance and rigid boundaries."

"Structural Family Therapy"

"Minuchin approach focused on family organization."

"Strategic Family Therapy"

"Haley approach using planned interventions."

"Satir"

"Family therapist known for communication stances and growth focus."

"Virginia Satir Communication Stances"

"Placating

"Existential Therapy"

"Approach focused on meaning

"Logotherapy"

"Frankl approach emphasizing meaning making."

"Psychoeducation"

"Teaching clients about mental health concepts and skills."

"Reflection of Content"

"Restating factual components of client message."

"Interpretation"

"Offering possible meanings or patterns."

"Reframing"

"Changing perspective on a situation."

"Validation"

"Communicating that a client’s experience makes sense."

"Intake Interview"

"Initial session gathering background information."

"Mental Status Exam"

"Structured assessment of psychological functioning."

"Suicide Assessment"

"Evaluation of suicidal thoughts

"Safety Plan"

"Collaborative plan for coping during crisis."

"Crisis Intervention"

"Immediate stabilization during acute distress."

"Consultation"

"Seeking professional input regarding client care."

"Case Conceptualization"

"Organizing client information into meaningful framework."

"Evidence Based Practice"

"Using research supported interventions in treatment."

"Counselor Immediacy"

"Therapist openly discussing current relational dynamics."

"Working Alliance"

"Collaborative agreement on goals

"Rupture and Repair"

"Breakdown and restoration of therapeutic connection."

"Empathy Levels"

"Scale describing depth and accuracy of empathic understanding."

"Level 1 Empathy"

"Misses or minimizes client feelings."

"Level 2 Empathy"

"Responds only to surface feelings."

"Level 3 Empathy"

"Accurate reflection of clear emotions."

"Level 4 Empathy"

"Reflects deeper implied emotions and meanings."

"Level 5 Empathy"

"Advanced understanding beyond client’s current awareness."