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Cell Structure and Biochemistry

• Cell membrane: A thin barrier separating the cell interior from the outside environment.

• Cell wall: A rigid, protective layer around some cells.

• Chloroplast: The site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

• Cytoplasm: The jelly-like material inside a cell, excluding the nucleus.

• Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions.

• Plasmid: A small circular DNA piece found in bacteria.

• Prokaryote: A single-celled organism without a nucleus.

• Ribosomes: Tiny cell parts that make proteins.

• Protein synthesis: The process cells use to make proteins.

• Protein analysis: Studying the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

• Enzyme activity and metabolism: Enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions essential for growth and maintenance.