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CHAPTER 12 – FULL (10 QUESTIONS)

1. As carbon bonds with atoms of increasing electronegativity, polarity
   A. decreases
   B. stays same
   C. increases ✅
   D. reverses

2. An alkane contains
   A. double bonds
   B. triple bonds
   C. single bonds only ✅
   D. aromatic rings

3. An alkene contains
   A. triple bond
   B. ionic bond
   C. double bond ✅
   D. none

4. An alkyne contains
   A. single bonds
   B. triple bond ✅
   C. double bond
   D. ionic

5. Structural isomers
   A. different formula
   B. same structure
   C. same formula, different structure ✅
   D. identical

6. Increasing branching
   A. increases BP
   B. decreases BP ✅
   C. no change
   D. increases polarity

7. Complete combustion produces
   A. CO only
   B. O₂
   C. CO₂ + H₂O ✅
   D. CH₄

8. Hydrogenation does what
   A. adds O
   B. removes H
   C. adds H to remove double bonds ✅
   D. breaks chains

9. 1-butyne contains
   A. double bond
   B. triple bond ✅
   C. ring
   D. aromatic

10. Trans isomer means
    A. same side
    B. no double bond
    C. opposite sides ✅
    D. random

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CHAPTER 13 – FULL (10 QUESTIONS)

1. Alcohol contains
   A. –COOH
   B. –OH ✅
   C. –NH₂
   D. –CHO

2. Ether
   A. R–COOH
   B. R–O–R ✅
   C. R–NH₂
   D. R–CHO

3. Thiol contains
   A. oxygen
   B. nitrogen
   C. sulfur instead of oxygen ✅
   D. chlorine

4. Weak acid
   A. ethanol
   B. acetone
   C. phenol ✅
   D. ether

5. Dehydration of alcohol gives
   A. alcohol
   B. alkene ✅
   C. ketone
   D. acid

6. Secondary alcohol oxidation gives
   A. aldehyde
   B. ketone ✅
   C. acid
   D. none

7. Tertiary alcohol oxidation
   A. forms acid
   B. forms ketone
   C. does not occur ✅
   D. forms aldehyde

8. Ether naming
   A. acid naming
   B. alcohol naming
   C. alkyl + alkyl ether ✅
   D. ketone naming

9. Oxidation means
   A. gain H
   B. loss H or gain O ✅
   C. lose O
   D. none

10. Reduction means
    A. lose H
    B. gain O
    C. gain H ✅
    D. none

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CHAPTER 14 – FULL (10 QUESTIONS)

1. Carbonyl group
   A. –OH
   B. C=O ✅
   C. –NH₂
   D. –COOH

2. Aldehyde
   A. middle
   B. end carbonyl ✅
   C. ring
   D. none

3. Ketone
   A. end
   B. middle carbonyl ✅
   C. none
   D. ring

4. Oxygen lone pairs
   A. 1
   B. 2 ✅
   C. 3
   D. 0

5. Ketone intermolecular force
   A. ionic
   B. hydrogen
   C. dipole-dipole ✅
   D. none

6. Smaller ketone
   A. less soluble
   B. more soluble ✅
   C. same
   D. insoluble

7. Acetal
   A. acid + base
   B. aldehyde + alcohol ✅
   C. ketone + base
   D. ether

8. Hemiacetal
   A. 2 molecules
   B. internal reaction ✅
   C. hydrolysis
   D. oxidation

9. Aldehyde naming
   A. –one
   B. –al ✅
   C. –ol
   D. –ane

10. Ketone naming
    A. –al
    B. –one ✅
    C. –ol
    D. –ane

CHAPTER 15 – CARBOHYDRATES (10 QUESTIONS)

1. Which cannot be hydrolyzed?
   A. disaccharides
   B. polysaccharides
   C. monosaccharides ✅
   D. oligosaccharides

2. An aldose contains
   A. ketone
   B. alcohol
   C. aldehyde group ✅
   D. amine

3. A ketose contains
   A. aldehyde
   B. ketone group ✅
   C. alcohol
   D. amine

4. A chiral carbon must have
   A. 2 groups
   B. 3 groups
   C. 4 different groups ✅
   D. 1 group

5. Enantiomers are
   A. identical
   B. unrelated
   C. mirror images ✅
   D. same formula only

6. Glycosidic bonds are
   A. ester
   B. ether-like bonds ✅
   C. ionic
   D. peptide

7. Fructose is
   A. disaccharide
   B. polysaccharide
   C. monosaccharide ✅
   D. lipid

8. D-glucose is
   A. rare
   B. most common in nature ✅
   C. unstable
   D. synthetic

9. α vs β glucose differ by
   A. carbon number
   B. chain length
   C. OH orientation ✅
   D. polarity

10. Ring formation in sugars occurs by
    A. hydrolysis
    B. oxidation
    C. internal reaction of functional groups ✅
    D. reduction

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CHAPTER 16 – CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (10 QUESTIONS)

1. Butanoic acid is also called
   A. propionic acid
   B. acetic acid
   C. butyric acid ✅
   D. formic acid

2. Carboxylic acids form from primary alcohols by
   A. reduction
   B. hydrolysis
   C. oxidation ✅
   D. neutralization

3. Carboxylic acids exhibit
   A. ionic bonding
   B. hydrogen bonding ✅
   C. metallic bonding
   D. none

4. Compared to strong acids, carboxylic acids are
   A. stronger
   B. equal
   C. weaker ✅
   D. neutral

5. Ester formation involves
   A. acid + base
   B. alcohol + base
   C. acid + alcohol ✅
   D. ether + alcohol

6. Neutralization produces
   A. ester
   B. alcohol
   C. salt + water ✅
   D. ketone

7. Saponification is
   A. oxidation
   B. reduction
   C. base hydrolysis of fat ✅
   D. neutralization

8. Increasing chain length
   A. increases solubility
   B. decreases solubility ✅
   C. no change
   D. increases polarity

9. Functional group is
   A. –OH
   B. –NH₂
   C. –COOH ✅
   D. –CHO

10. Esters smell
    A. bitter
    B. acidic
    C. fruity ✅
    D. metallic

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CHAPTER 17 – LIPIDS (10 QUESTIONS)

1. A triacylglycerol is
   A. protein
   B. phospholipid
   C. fat (glycerol + 3 fatty acids) ✅
   D. steroid

2. Steroids contain
   A. long chains
   B. four fused rings ✅
   C. sugars
   D. amino acids

3. Unsaturated fatty acids
   A. straight
   B. bent (cis double bonds) ✅
   C. fully hydrogenated
   D. saturated

4. Saturated fats are
   A. liquid
   B. solid at room temp ✅
   C. gas
   D. ionic

5. Polyunsaturated means
   A. no double bonds
   B. one double bond
   C. multiple double bonds ✅
   D. triple bonds

6. Saponification produces
   A. ester
   B. alcohol
   C. soap + glycerol ✅
   D. ketone

7. Most water-soluble lipid
   A. steroid
   B. triglyceride
   C. phospholipid ✅
   D. wax

8. Cell membrane structure
   A. random
   B. tails outside
   C. heads out, tails in ✅
   D. cholesterol outside

9. Cholesterol is a
   A. carbohydrate
   B. protein
   C. lipid ✅
   D. nucleic acid

10. Lipids are generally
    A. polar
    B. ionic
    C. nonpolar ✅
    D. charged

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CHAPTER 18 – AMINES & AMIDES (10 QUESTIONS)

1. Amines are
   A. acids
   B. neutral
   C. bases ✅
   D. inert

2. Primary amine
   A. 2 carbons
   B. 3 carbons
   C. 1 carbon attached to N ✅
   D. none

3. Secondary amine
   A. 1 carbon
   B. 2 carbons attached to N ✅
   C. 3 carbons
   D. none

4. Tertiary amine
   A. 1 carbon
   B. 2 carbons
   C. 3 carbons attached to N ✅
   D. none

5. Amine + acid →
   A. ester
   B. amide
   C. ammonium salt ✅
   D. ketone

6. Amides form from
   A. alcohol + acid
   B. base + acid
   C. acid + amine ✅
   D. ether + alcohol

7. Amide hydrolysis gives
   A. alcohol
   B. ketone
   C. acid + amine ✅
   D. ester

8. Amines boiling point
   A. lower than hydrocarbons
   B. same
   C. higher due to H-bonding ✅
   D. unpredictable

9. Alkaloids contain
   A. ester
   B. acid
   C. amine group ✅
   D. ketone

10. Amine drugs are often
    A. neutral
    B. base form
    C. ammonium salts ✅
    D. oils

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CHAPTER 19 – PROTEINS (10 QUESTIONS)

1. Amino acids differ by
   A. amino group
   B. carboxyl group
   C. R group ✅
   D. hydrogen

2. Zwitterion has
   A. no charge
   B. only positive
   C. only negative
   D. both + and – charges ✅

3. Peptide bond forms between
   A. R groups
   B. amino & carboxyl groups ✅
   C. hydrogens
   D. oxygen

4. Primary structure is
   A. folding
   B. bonding
   C. sequence of amino acids ✅
   D. helix

5. Secondary structure
   A. sequence
   B. α-helix & β-sheet ✅
   C. folding
   D. chain

6. Tertiary structure
   A. sequence
   B. helix
   C. 3D folding ✅
   D. multiple chains

7. Quaternary structure
   A. sequence
   B. helix
   C. folding
   D. multiple chains together ✅

8. Hemoglobin is
   A. primary
   B. secondary
   C. tertiary
   D. quaternary ✅

9. Hydrophobic interactions stabilize
   A. primary
   B. secondary
   C. tertiary & quaternary ✅
   D. none

10. Denaturation affects
    A. primary
    B. secondary, tertiary, quaternary ✅
    C. none
    D. only tertiary

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CHAPTER 20 – ENZYMES (10 QUESTIONS)

1. Enzymes
   A. consumed
   B. slow reactions
   C. catalyze reactions ✅
   D. change equilibrium

2. Enzymes lower
   A. temperature
   B. pressure
   C. activation energy ✅
   D. pH

3. Induced fit
   A. rigid
   B. no change
   C. enzyme changes shape ✅
   D. substrate changes

4. Competitive inhibitor
   A. different site
   B. active site ✅
   C. destroys enzyme
   D. increases rate

5. Noncompetitive inhibitor
   A. active site
   B. different site ✅
   C. speeds reaction
   D. substrate mimic

6. Cofactors
   A. inhibitors
   B. substrates
   C. metal ions/helpers ✅
   D. enzymes

7. Enzyme suffix
   A. –ine
   B. –ate
   C. –ase ✅
   D. –ose

8. Low temperature
   A. speeds up
   B. no effect
   C. slows reaction ✅
   D. stops enzyme

9. Enzymes affect
   A. equilibrium
   B. ΔG
   C. rate only ✅
   D. pH

10. Isomerase does
    A. oxidation
    B. reduction
    C. rearranges structure ✅
    D. hydrolysis

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CHAPTER 21 – DNA & RNA (10 QUESTIONS)

1. Nucleotide contains
   A. base only
   B. sugar only
   C. base + sugar + phosphate ✅
   D. protein

2. RNA contains
   A. thymine
   B. uracil ✅
   C. deoxyribose
   D. none

3. DNA replication uses
   A. random pairing
   B. complementary base pairing ✅
   C. mutation
   D. translation

4. DNA strands are
   A. parallel
   B. antiparallel ✅
   C. identical
   D. random

5. Transcription is
   A. DNA → DNA
   B. DNA → RNA ✅
   C. RNA → protein
   D. protein → DNA

6. Translation is
   A. DNA → RNA
   B. RNA → DNA
   C. RNA → protein ✅
   D. protein → RNA

7. Codons code for
   A. bases
   B. DNA
   C. amino acids ✅
   D. enzymes

8. Start codon
   A. UAA
   B. UGA
   C. AUG ✅
   D. UAG

9. Deletion mutation
   A. add base
   B. replace base
   C. remove base ✅
   D. duplicate

10. Retrovirus
    A. DNA virus
    B. bacteria
    C. RNA virus ✅
    D. protein