Communicative Competence, Barriers Of Communication And Strategies To Avoid Communication Breakdown Communicative Competence Communicative Competence Refers To Both The Tacit Knowledge Of A Language And The Ability To Use It Effectively. It Is Understanding And Using Language Effectively In Authentic Social And School Environments. Canale And Swain'S Model Of Communicative Competence Michael Canale And Merrill Swain Identified These Four Components Of Communicative Competence: Grammatical Competence Includes Knowledge Of Phonology, Orthography, Vocabulary, Word Formation, And Sentence Formation. Sociolinguistic Competence - Includes Knowledge Of Sociocultural Rules Of Use. It Is Concerned With The Learners' Ability To Handle For Example Settings, Topics And Communicative Functions In Different Sociolinguistic Contexts. Discourse Competence - The Learners' Mastery Of Understanding And Producing Texts In The Modes Of Listening, Speaking, Reading And Writing. It Deals With Cohesion And Coherence In Different Types Of Texts. Strategic Competence Refers To Compensatory Strategies In Case Of Grammatical Or Sociolinguistic Or Discourse Difficulties, Such As The Use Of Reference Sources, Grammatical And Lexical Paraphrase, Requests For Repetition, Clarification, Slower Speech, Or Problems In Addressingstrangers When Unsure Of Their Social Status Or In Finding The Right Cohesion Devices. What Is Communication Barrier? Gaps In Communication Any Factors That Prevent Us From Effectively Exchanging And Understanding Messages. Example: Use Of Jargons, Emotional Barriers And Taboos, Lack Of Attention And/Or Interest, Distractions, Or Irrelevance To The Receiver, Differences In Perception And Viewpoint, Physical Disabilities Like Hearing Or Speech Defects, Physical Barriers To Non-Verbal Communication, Language Differences, Cultural Differences, Etc. Types Of Barrier Language Barrier Psychological Barrier Physiological Physical Systematic Attitudinal Language Barrier The Difference In Language And Linguistic Ability That Act As Barriers In Communication. However, Even When Communicating In The Same Language, The Terminology Used In A Message May Act As A Barrier If It Is Not Fully Understood By The Receiver. Physical Barrier It Refers To Any Physical Limitation That Can Interfere With The Communication Process. Example: The Geographic Distance Between The Sender And Receiver. This Can Also Involve Both Verbal And Non-Verbal Communication As You Don’T Hear Exactly What The Other Person Is Saying. Examples: Noise, Poor Lighting, Distance Between Speakers, And Physical Obstructions Between Speakers. Psychological Barrier The Psychological State Of A Person Will Influence How The Message Is Sent, Received, And Perceived. It Prevents People From Fully Expressing Their Emotions Or Feelings To One Another. Example: If Someone Is Stressed, He/She Might Be Very Impatient Which Could Affect How He Sends And Receives Messages And It Could Result To Misunderstanding. Physiological Barriers Physiological Barriers May Result From The Receiver’S Physical State. For Example, A Receiver With Reduced Hearing May Not Grasp A Spoken Conversation Especially If There Is Significant Background Noise. Systematic/Systemic Barriers It May Exist In Structures And Organizations Where There Are Inefficient Or Inappropriate Information Systems And Communication Channels, Or Where There Is A Lack Of Understanding Of The Roles And Responsibilities For Communication Attitudinal Barriers It May Result From Personality Conflicts, Poor Management, Resistance To Change, Or Lack Of Motivation. Effective Receivers Of Messages Should Attempt To Overcome Their Own Attitudinal Barriers To Facilitate Effective Communication. Strategies To Avoid Communication Breakdown Apply Positive Self-Talk And Perception. Use Appropriate Language. Be Open. Suspend Your Own Judgment, Ideas, And Beliefs. Give And Accept Feedback. The 7 C’S Of Effective Communication Clear Complete Concise Concrete Considerate Correct Courteous Communicative Competence Is The Implicit Knowledge Of Language And The Ability To Use It Effectively. Sometimes, There Are Barriers In Communication That Could Lead To Communication Breakdown. Some Of These Are Language Barriers, Psychological, Physiological, Physical, Systemic, And Attitudinal Barriers. When We Experience One Of These Barriers, We Must Remember The Strategies To Avoid Communication Breakdown. We Must Be Positive, Use Appropriate Language, Be Open And Suspend Our Judgment And Lastly, Give And Accept Feedback. We Could Also Use The 7 C’S Of Communication Which Is An Effective Tool In Communication. It Includes Clarity, Completeness, Conciseness, Concreteness, Consideration, Correctness And Courtesy. If We Can Follow These, We Can Effectively Communicate Our Thoughts And Ideas For A Better Connection
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