Psychopathology test 3

mood disorders

disturbances of mood intense and persistent enough to be clearly maladaptive

depression

emotional state characterized by extraordinary sadness and dejection

mania

emotional state characterized by intense and unrealistic feeling of excitement and euphoria

mixed episode cases 

when depressive episodes and manic episodes occur at the same time

unipolar depressive disorder

a person experiences only depressive episodes 

bipolar disorders

a person experiences both manic and depressive episodes

depressive episode

period or markedly depressed mood or loss of interest in formerly pleasurable activities for at least 2 weeks, accompanied by other symptoms

manic episode

person shows markedly elevated euphoric, or expansive mood often interrupted by occasional outbursts of intense irritability or even violence that lasts for at least 1 week

hypomanic episode

a person experiences abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least 4 days

major depressive disorder (MDD)

moderate to severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes

major depressive episode

a person must be markedly depressed for most of everyday for most days for at least 2 weeks (5/9 symptoms present)

MDD lifetime prevalence

about 17%

bipolar lifetime prevalence

about 1%

relapse

return of a symptom after a fairly short period of time 

recurrence

new occurance of a disorder after a remission

symptoms of MDD

1. constantly depressed mood

2. loss of interest or ability to experience pleasure

3. significant change in weight

4. sleep problems (hypersomnia/insomnia)

5. movement (restlessness/retardation)

6. low energy

7. feeling of worthlessness/unnecessary guilt

8. change in concentration/decision making abilities

9. recurrent ideation, planning, or attempt of suicide

MDE with melancholic features

patient has either lost interest or pleasure in almost all activities or does not react to pleasurable stimuli

severe MDE with psychotic features

loss of contact with reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations

MDE with analytical features

includes a pattern of symptoms characterized by mood reactivity, as well as 2+ other symptoms

MDE with catatonic features

includes a range of psychomotor symptoms, from motor immobility to extensive psychomotor activity

recurrent MDE with a seasonal pattern

episodes of depression recur on a regular seasonal basis, but not other times of year

(seasonal affective disorder) 

persistent depressive disorder

persistent depressed mood most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years

double depression

a person with persistent depressive disorder also develops an episode of major depression

lifetime prevalence PDD

2.6-6%

4 phases of grief

1. numbing/disbelief

2. yearning and searching

3. disorganization/dispair when death is accepted

4. reorganization