Unit 1 - Laboratory Orientation

Analytical Chemistry

It is the science of obtaining, processing, and communicating information about the composition and structure of matter.

Analytical Chemistry

It is the art of science of determining what matter is and how much of it exists.

Qualitative Chemistry

It is the branch of chemistry dealing with the determination of elements or ingredients of which a compound or mixture is composed.

Quantitative Chemistry

It is the branch of chemistry dealing with the determination with the amount or percentages of one or more constituents of a sample.

Qualitative Chemistry

A process in analytical chemistry used to separate and detect cations and anions in a sample substance.

Quantitative Chemistry

A process in analytical chemistry that involves measurement of results such as quantities of substances produced.

Reaction

A change in which one or more chemical elements or compounds (the reactant) form new compounds (the products).

to some extent

All reactions are, -- ---- ------, reversible.

Reagent

It is a substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.

Precipitate

It is any insoluble substance that is produced after a certain reaction.

Residue

It is a portion of a solid remaining after partial solution by a reagent.

Residue

A quantity or body of matter remaining after evaporation, combustion, distillation, etc.

Filtration

The act or process of filtering, especially the process of passing a liquid or gas, such as air, through a filter in order to remove solid particles.

Test Solution

A solution of some reagent, in definite strength, used in chemical analysis or testing.

Clear Solution

A solution that isn’t turbid or cloudy.

Colorless Solution

A solution that is not colored.

Test

It is a laboratory procedure designed to show the presence or absence of some substances.

Positive Test

It is a type of test that indicates that the substance being found is present.

Negative Test

This type of test indicates that the substance being found is absent.

Blank Test

It is a test carried out under specified conditions with all reagents with exception of determined substances to account for consent of this substance in reagents used.

Control Test

A blank test to which a known sample of the ion under consideration has been added.

Specific Test

A test given by one and only substance.

Centrifugation

A process that involves the use of the centrifugal force for the separation of mixtures, used in industry and in laboratory settings.

Fume Hood

Reactions that involve the production of hazardous fumes are conducted in the ---- ----.

zero

Before using the balance, the weight must always be ----.

clean

When using the balance, the surface of the balance must always be kept -----.

beaker

Instead of putting the substance directly on the balance pan, use a ------ or weighing boat instead.

shaken

Laboratory thermometers are not to be ------.

Mercury

It is the type of metal used inside a laboratory thermometer.

away

When heating liquids in test tubes, always point the open end of the test tube ---- from yourself and/or anyone.

Indicator Paper

It is used to determine the acidity of a solution.

Flame Test

This test is used to visually determine the identity of an unknown metal or metalloid ion based on the characteristic color the salt turns the flame of a bunsen burner.