Chap 1 N4 Tango 1500

たった今

just (now) - vừa mới, mới tức thì

今にも

at any time, at any moment (If you say that something will or may happen at any moment or any moment now, you are emphasizing that it is likely to happen very soon.)

もうすぐ

soon - sắp

最近

• recently, lately (used to describe both situations and actions)

• Time range: Very flexible: last few days → few weeks → few months

• Can describe: events (one-time), ongoing states

• More general and more common than このごろ.

=>Most general “recently.” Can be past event OR ongoing habit.
さいきん日本語を勉強しています。

I’ve been studying Japanese recently. (ongoing)

さいきん映画を見た。

I watched a movie recently. (one event)

さいきん

この頃

• recently, these days, lately (used to describe a situation, not actions)

• Time range: Recent period continuing until now

• Usually used for ongoing situations, not a single event.

=>Ongoing “nowadays” feeling. (Habit or continuing state)

このごろ忙しい。
I’m busy these days.

このごろ寒くなってきた。
It’s been getting colder these days.

このごろ

さっき

• just now, a while ago, a little while ago - lúc nãy (Usually within the last few minutes, maybe up to 1 hour maximum depending on context.)

• Grammar: adverb (no particle needed)

=>very recent past

さっき帰った。
He went home just now.

さっき見ました。
I saw it a moment ago.

この間

• the other day, recently, some time ago (Usually the past few days, weeks, or even months (but not years).)

• Grammar: noun phrase → often with の

=>Recently in the past but not as recent as さっき.
このあいだ会った。

We met the other day.

このあいだのテストは難しかった。

The test the other day was difficult.

このあいだ

今度

this time/now, next time/next
こんど

いつでも

any time

いつか

some time, some day

５日

the fifth day
いつか

将来

future: talking ab an individual’s future
しょうらい

未来

future: talking ab the future on a wider scale of things like countries or the planet.
みらい

昔

past, a long time ago
むかし

昔話

folk tale, legend - truyện cổ tích
むかしばなし

ある日

one day - một ngày nọ
あるひ

ある時

one time, at a given time
あるとき

ある人

a (given) person - một người nọ
あるひと

ある町

a (given) town/city - một thành phố nọ
あるまち

ある国

a (given) country
あるくに

昼間

daytime, day
ひるま

夕方

evening
ゆうがた

夜中

late night - đêm, khuya
よなか

真夜中

late at night - nửa đêm
まよなか

明日

tomorrow (read as asu in a business context, as ashita in general conversation)
あす/あした

一昨日

2 days go, the day before yesterday - hôm kia, ngày kia

おととい/おとつい/いっさくじつ

昨夜＝昨日の晩、昨日の夜

evening, last night - tối hôm qua

さくや: dùng trong văn viết, lịch sự

(夕べ=昨夜) ゆうべ: giao tiếp hàng ngày, suồng sã

ゆうべ/さくや/ゆんべ/よべ＝きのうのばん、きのうのよる

今夜＝今晩

tonight
こんや＝こんばん

今週

this week
こんしゅう

今月

this month
こんげつ

再来週

2 weeks later, the week after next
さらいしゅう

再来月

2 months later
さらいげつ

再来年

2 years later
さらいねん

一昨年

2 years ago, the year before last
おととし/いっさくねん

毎週

every week
まいしゅう

毎月

every month 
まいつき

毎年

every year
まいとし

平日

weekday (monday to friday) - ngày thường
へいじつ

週末

weekend
しゅうまつ

最初

first - trước tiên, lúc đầu

Meaning: “the beginning,” “the first,” “at first”

It refers to the starting point of something.

Grammar:

• Noun (can take の → 最初の)

• Adverb (最初は)

Examples:

• 最初は難しい。
  At first, it’s difficult.

• 最初のページを読んでください。
  Please read the first page.

• 最初に会ったとき…
  When we first met…

👉 Used for the first step or the beginning of a sequence.

さいしょ

最中

in the middle (of doing~) - giữa chừng, trong lúc
さいちゅう

最後

last
さいご

先に

first, before, ahead (of) - (làm gì đó) trước

Meaning: “before someone,” “ahead,” “go first,” “already”

It refers to doing something earlier than someone else or ahead in time.

Grammar: adverb

Examples:

• 先に行ってください。
  Please go ahead (before me).

• 先に食べて。
  Eat first (without waiting for me).

• もう先に帰ったよ。
  He already went home ahead of us.

👉 Used to express “go first,” “before someone else,” or “ahead.”

さきに

夫

husband, my husband
おっと

主人; ご主人

my husband; other people’s husbands
しゅじん; ごしゅじん

妻

wife, my wife
つま

家内; 奥さん

my wife; other people’s wives
かない; おくさん

両親

parents
りょうしん

息子; 息子さん

son, my son; other people’s sons
むすこ

娘

daughter, my daughter
むすめ

娘さん、お嬢さん

other people’s daughters
むすめさん、おじょうさん

お子さん

child, children, my child (honorifics)
おこさん

祖父

(my) grandfather
そふ

おじいさん

grandfather, elderly man (can be used outside of the family to mean a elderly man)

祖母

(my) grandmother
そぼ

おばあさん

grandmother, elderly woman (can be used outside of the family to mean a elderly woman)

孫

(my) grandchild
まご

お孫さん

other people’s grandchildren
おまごさん

叔父

(my) uncle
おじ

叔父さん

uncle, middle-aged man (can be used outside of the family to mean a middle-aged man)

おじさん

叔母

aunt
おば

おばさん

aunt, middle-aged woman (can be used outside of the family to mean a middle-aged woman)
おばさん

親戚

relatives - bà con, họ hàng
しんせき

ペット

pet
このアパートでペットを飼えません。
you can not raise pets in this apartment.

ペットショップ

pet shop

似る

to look similar to, resemble - giống nhau, tương tự nhau (usually used in the form of 似ている in actual sentences)
にる

私は母に、姉は父に似ている。
i look like my mother and my older sister resembles my father.

（心配を）かける

to make worry, cause to worry
（しんぱいを）

両親に心配をかけてはいけません。

叱る

to scold - la, mắng, rầy
しかる

子供の時、母によく𠮟られた。

褒める

to praise - khen, khen ngợi
ほめる

テストで１００点を取って、父に褒められた。

百点を取る：ひゃくてんをとる

飼う

to own, to have (pets) - nuôi thú
かう

うさぎを飼ってみたいです。

兎

thỏ
うさぎ、う

’２

夫は毎日遅くまで仕事をしている。

My husband works late everyday.
おっとはまいにちおそくまでしごとをしている。

妻はカレーが大好きだ。

My wife loves curry.

両親はイギリスに住んでいる。

My parents live in England.

息子は小学校からサッカーをやっている。

My son has been playing soccer since elementary school.
小学校：しょうがっこう: elementary school - tiểu học

娘は勉強よりスポーツのほうが好きです。

My daughter likes playing sports more than studying.

先生のお子さんは今中学生ですか？

Is your child now a junior high school student?
中学校：ちゅうがっこう: junior high school - trường trung học cơ sở

中学生：ちゅうがくせい

祖父は小学校の先生でした。

My grandfather was an elementary school teacher.
小学校：しょうがっこう: elementary school - trường tiểu học

小学生：しょうがくせい

祖父と祖母には孫が８人がいます。

My grandfather and grandmother have eight grandchildren.

姉の結婚式に親戚がたくさん来ます。

Many of my relatives are going to attend my older sister’s wedding.
結婚式：けっこんしき: wedding, wedding ceremony

アパート

apartment - phòng trọ, căn hộ chung cư

今のアパートは前のところより 広いです。

My current apartment is much more spacious than my old one.

マンション

condominium - chung cư cao tầng, căn hộ chung cư

うちのマンションは駅から歩いて 3分です。

My condominium is a three-minute walk from the station.

今のアパートは前のところより 広いです。

My current apartment is much more spacious than my old one.

うちのマンションは駅から歩いて 3分です。

My condominium is a three-minute walk from the station.

家貨

rent
やちん

来月から家賃が少し高くなります。

Rent is going to be a little higher starting next month.

来月から家賃が少し高くなります。

Rent is going to be a little higher starting next month.

管理人

custodian - người quản lý
かんりにん

マンションにはいつも管理人さんがいます。

There is always a custodian in my condominium building.

マンションにはいつも管理人さんがいます。

There is always a custodian in my condominium building.

住所

address

田中さんの住所を知っていますか。

Do you know Tanaka-san's address?

建てる - 建つ

to build, raise - to be built

となりに大きい ビルが建ちました。

A big building was built next door.

しょうらい、大きい家を建てたいです。

In the future, I want to build a big house.

となりに大きい ビルが建ちました。

A big building was built next door.

しょうらい、大きい家を建てたいです。

In the future, I want to build a big house.

立てる - 立つ

to stand (something): dựng, để đứng - to stand (up): đứng

ドアのところにかさを立てておきます。

I stood my umbrella by the door.

家の前に大きい 木が立っています。

There is a big tree standing in front of the house.

ドアのところにかさを立てておきます。

I stood my umbrella by the door.

家の前に大きい 木が立っています。

There is a big tree standing in front of the house.

引っ越し(する)

moving - việc dọn nhà, chuyển chỗ ở

明日は引っ越しです。

I'm moving tomorrow.

引っ越す: to move - dọn nhà, chuyển chỗ ở

移す - 映る

to move/to relocate (something): dọn đi, chuyển, di chuyển - to be moved, relocated

うつす - うつる

となりの部屋に テーブルを移しました。

I moved the table to the room next door.

駅前のビルに 郵便局が移ります。

The post office moves to the building in front of the station.

自宅

one’s home - nhà riêng

じたく

これは私の自宅の電話番号です。

お宅

residence - nhà riêng (kính ngữ)

おたく

先生のお宅はどちらですか。

Where is the teacher's residence?

訪問(する)

visit - sự thăm viếng, chuyến viếng thăm

ほうもん(する)

明日、友だちの家を訪問します。