EXAM 1 - Part 2

what divides the anterior and posterior triangle of the neck

SCM

TQ: what is the anterior boundary of the posterior triangle? Posterior? inferior?

SCM, trapezius, clavicle

TQ: what is the superior boundary of the anterior triangle of the neck? anterior? posterior?

mandible, midline, SCM

TQ: where does the apex of the anterior triangle lie

inferiorly at the jugular notch

TQ: what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle

submental, submandibular, carotid, and muscular triangles

TQ: what is the only subdivision of the anterior triangle which is unpaired

submental

what are the boundaries of the submental triangle

left and right anterior bellies of digastric, body of hyoid bone

what is the floor of the submental triangle

mylohyoid

what are the contents of the submental triangle

minor veins and lymph nodes

TQ: what are the boundaries of the submandibular (digastric) triangle

inferior border of mandible, anterior and posterior belly of digastric

what is the floor of the submandibular (digastric) triangle

mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles

TQ: what are the contents of the submandibular (digastric) triangle

submandibular gland, internal carotid artery, fascial artery, internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve

TQ: what artery bifurcates in the carotid triangle

common carotid artery

TQ: what are the contents of the carotid triangle

parts of common and internal carotid A, external carotid A and its branches: superior thyroid, lingual, and fascial A

internal jugular vein tributaries

TQ: what are the contents of the muscular triangle

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus

TQ: does the hyoid bone articulate with any other bone

no

what are the superficial infrahyoid muscles

omohyoid, sternohyoid

what are the deep infrahyoid muscles

sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

what is the nerve of the omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid

ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

what is the function of the infrahyoid muscles

depress the hyoid and larynx

TQ: what is the most important reason why there are so many muscles that depress the hyoid bone and larynx

swallowing

what encloses the platysma muscle and contains cutaneous nerves, superficial veins, and lymph nodes

superficial cervical fascia

TQ: what are the four subdivisions of the deep cervical fascia

investing layer, pretracheal, prevertebral, carotid sheath

what layer of the deep cervical fascia contains the sympathetic trunk

prevertebral fascia

TQ: which layer of cylindrical fascia extends from the base of the skull to the root of the neck

carotid sheath

TQ: the sigmoid dural venous sinus drains into what contents of the carotid sheath

common carotid A, internal carotid A, internal jugular V, vagus N, deep cervical lymph nodes

TQ: T/F

the external carotid artery exits the carotid sheath before giving off its branches in the neck

true

TQ: what is the function of the fascial layers

provide slippery surface to reduce friction

TQ: adhesion of the fascial layers may cause ____

neck pain

TQ: cancer involving the deep cervical lymph nodes may compress what vein

internal jugular

what are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture

first thoracic vertebra, first ribs and their cartilage, manubrium of sternum

TQ: what are the arteries which pass through the superior thoracic aperture

BILL

brachiocephalic trunk, internal thoracic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

TQ: what vein passes through the superior thoracic aperture

brachiocephalic v

TQ: what nerves pass through the superior thoracic aperture

RSVP

recurrent laryngeal n, sympathetic trunk, vagus n, phrenic n

TQ: what viscera pass through the superior thoracic aperture

trachea, esophagus, cervical pleura, apex of lung, thymus

TQ: what may a broken 1st rib or penetrating wound of the neck cause

atelectasis (lung collapse)

TQ: T/F

the thymus involutes after puberty resulting in decrease immune function with age

true

TQ: which cells mature in the thymus throughout life

t-lymphocytes

TQ: the thymus lies ___ to the thyroid gland

inferior

TQ: the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles lie ____ to the thymus and thyroid gland

anterior

TQ: what does the thyroid gland produce

thyroxine and calcitonin

what level of the spine does the thyroid gland lie

C5-T1

TQ: what percentage of thyroid glands have a pyramidal lobe

50

TQ: a common variation of the thyroid gland in which there is a ____ muscle which connects the isthmus with the hyoid bone

levator glandulae thyroideae

TQ: why is the thyroid gland highly vascular

due to endocrine function

TQ: what is an inconstant branch to the thyroid gland and may be enlarged in an emergency tracheotomy

thyroid ima artery

TQ: what vein of the thyroid gland goes to the brachiocephalic vein

inferior thyroid vein

TQ: what type of goiter is due to dietary deficiency of iodine in which the thyroid gland enlarges but the hormone is inactive

endemic

TQ: what type of goiter is due to autoimmune disease

Exophthalmic

is hormone active in exophthalmic goiter? hyper/hypothyroidsim?

active, hyperactive

Exophthalmic goiter is associated with what disease

grave's disease