Bio Unit 4: Cells and Cell Cycle

haha ha ahhahahahah i hate this class so much

coarse adjustment knob

knob that moves the stage in a greater range; used for low power lense

fine adjustment knob

knob that moves the stage in a small range; used for medium and high power lens

stage

the main platform where the objects for inspection are placed

eyepiece

the piece on the microscope you look through

low objective

the lowest magnification setting on the microscope; 40x zoom

medium objective

the middle magnification setting on the microscope; 100x zoom

high objective

the highest magnification setting on the microscope; 400x zoom

arm

the curved, supporting beam of the microscope

stage clips

used to keep the subjects under inspection in place while looking through the microscope

slide

glass lying over a hole in the stage; supports the condenser

coverslip

a thin plastic placed on top of a wet mount

wet mount

a sample on a glass piece made clear with water and a coverslip on top of it

base

the supporting platform that the microscope stands on

diaphragm

affects the light that comes through

cell division

process in which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

surface area to volume ratio

ratio that tells the surface area of an object in relation to its volume

asexual reproduction

process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

sexual reproduction

type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism

cell membrane

thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

chromosome

threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next

chromatin

substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones

cell cycle

series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells

interphase

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions, in which the cell grows

mitosis

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

prophase

first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible

metaphase

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

anaphase

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

telophase

phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

chromatids

one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

centromere

region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

centrioles

structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

cancer

disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth

tumor

mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue

benign

a condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous

metastasis

the process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body