1.3 Density and kinetic theory ⚖️

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Physics

Thermal Physics

GCSE Physics

CCEA

Kinetic Theory

9th

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15 Terms

1
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Density

how closely packed particles are; the amount of mass per unit volume

2
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How does the spacing of partciles affect density

the closer together, the higher the density

3
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How to change density

change temperature or state of material

4
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How the particles in a solid are arranged

  • sit very closely together in a regular arrangement and fixed position

  • vibrate but do not move

  • held together by strong forces

solids have a fixed shape and volume and a high density

<ul><li><p>sit very closely together in a regular arrangement and fixed position</p></li><li><p>vibrate but do not move</p></li><li><p>held together by strong forces</p></li></ul><p>solids have a fixed shape and volume and a high density</p>
5
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How the particles in a liquid are arranged

  • sit close together with some gaps and are randomly arranged

  • can move past each other because of the gaps

  • enough energy to prevent forces holding them in a regular arrangement

liquids have a fixed volume but take on the shape of their container at a medium density

<ul><li><p>sit close together with some gaps and are randomly arranged</p></li><li><p>can move past each other because of the gaps</p></li><li><p>enough energy to prevent forces holding them in a regular arrangement</p></li></ul><p>liquids have a fixed volume but take on the shape of their container at a medium density</p>
6
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How the particles in a gas are arranged

  • much further apart and are randomly arranged

  • move quickly and randomly in all directions

  • free to move because the forces are weak

gases completely fill their container and have the volume of their container at a low density

<ul><li><p>much further apart and are randomly arranged</p></li><li><p>move quickly and randomly in all directions</p></li><li><p>free to move because the forces are weak</p></li></ul><p>gases completely fill their container and have the volume of their container at a low density</p>
7
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The equation linking density, mass and volume

density = mass ÷ volume

<p>density = mass ÷ volume</p>
8
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Unit for density

Kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m³)

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Unit for volume

Cubic metres (m³)

10
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1 kilogram (kg) is equal to

1000 grams (g)

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1 cubic metre (m³) is equal to

1,000,000 cubic centimetres (cm³)

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1 gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm³) is equal to

1000 kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m³)

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Volume of a regular substance

length * breadth * height

<p>length *<em> </em>breadth<em> *</em> height</p>
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Volume of an irregular substance

Volume of stone = Final Volume – Initial Volume

<p><span>Volume of stone = Final Volume – Initial Volume</span></p>
15
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Volume using displacement can

  1. Place the stone on the top pan balance and measure its mass

  2. Fill the displacement can until the water is level with the bottom of the pipe

  3. Place a measuring cylinder under the pipe ready to collect the displaced water

  4. Carefully drop the stone into the can and wait until no more water runs into the cylinder

  5. Measure the volume of the displaced water

  6. Use the measurements of mass and volume to calculate the density of the stone

<ol><li><p>Place the stone on the top pan balance and measure its mass</p></li><li><p>Fill the displacement can until the water is level with the bottom of the pipe</p></li><li><p>Place a measuring cylinder under the pipe ready to collect the displaced water</p></li><li><p>Carefully drop the stone into the can and wait until no more water runs into the cylinder</p></li><li><p>Measure the volume of the displaced water</p></li><li><p>Use the measurements of mass and volume to calculate the density of the stone</p></li></ol><p></p>