A&P Lab Chapt 4

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100 Terms

1
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If you eat too much carbohydrate, it can be stored as fat.
  True
2
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Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA but not RNA?
  Thymine
3
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A glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules in
  glycolysis.
4
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A cofactor is ______ and examples are _____.
  a necessary part of some enzymes; copper, iron, and zinc
5
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An enzyme is
a molecule, usually a protein, that speeds the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy.
6
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DNA, RNA, and protein molecules can carry information because
they consist of sequences of building blocks.
7
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An ATP molecule consists of an adenine, a ribose, and three phosphates.
 

True
8
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The enzyme catalase acts on the substrate
hydrogen peroxide.
9
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A metabolic pathway is a particular sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions.
\n   True
10
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In adipose tissue, fat molecules form when fatty acid molecules and glycerol join by hydrolysis.
False
11
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The reactions of anaerobic respiration take place in the
  cytoplasm.
12
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A sequence of DNA 333 nucleotides long that is part of a gene encodes ___ amino acids.
  111
13
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Proteins are critical to metabolism because all proteins are enzymes.
  False
14
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What is the function of ATP molecules in living cells?
They hold energy from the oxidation of fuels in their high-energy phosphate bonds, and the energy is used in various cell processes.
15
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Aerobic respiration
 requires oxygen.
16
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A DNA sequence AACGGTGCACCACGG encodes a portion of a protein of sequence
  leu-pro-arg-gly-ala
17
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Transcription and translation differ in that
 transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein.
18
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During the anaerobic phase of respiration, pyruvic acid reacts to form glucose.
False
19
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The metabolome includes
all of the small molecules that are part of metabolism
20
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Humans require vitamins in their diets because these nutrients
act as cofactors.
21
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A rate-limiting enzyme usually acts at the end of a metabolic pathway.
  False
22
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In dehydration synthesis of a carbohydrate,
monosaccharides join.
23
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For each citric acid molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, 2 ATPs, 16 H atoms, and 4 CO2 molecules are produced.
 

False
24
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In DNA replication, the two halves of the double helix part and enzymes place A, C, G, and U nucleotides opposite their complements, forming two double helices from one.
 

False
25
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Which of the following best describes the interaction between an enzyme and its substrate?
Part of the enzyme temporarily binds part of the substrate molecule
26
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In cellular respiration,
  energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules.
27
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DNA transcribed to mRNA always begins with the sequence
  AUG
28
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Enzymes are proteins that promote specific chemical reactions.
  True
29
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Dehydration synthesis is catabolic and hydrolysis is anabolic.
  False
30
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Each individual has her or his own genetic code.
  False
31
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The genome sequences of different individuals are
about 99.9% alike
32
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A cell may contain hundreds of different types of enzymes
True
33
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Which of the following is an example of catabolism?
The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
34
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The synthesis of an ATP molecule requires two ADP molecules.
  False
35
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Anaerobic respiration
  all of the answer choices are correct
36
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A molecule that is common to carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways and connects these two pathways metabolically is
acetyl coenzyme A.
37
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Which DNA sequence can encode the amino acid sequence ile-asp-ser-cys-his-tyr?
\n   all of the answer choices are correct
38
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Oxidation during cellular respiration differs from burning in that respiration
uses enzymes to lower the activation energy.
39
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The electron transport chain is a series of enzyme complexes that pass electrons, releasing energy that is used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
 

True
40
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An active site of an enzyme is
the part of an enzyme that combines with a product.
41
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The basic steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are:
substrate and enzyme combine, forming an E-S complex. The reaction occurs, products are released, and the unchanged enzyme is released and recycled.
42
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A molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is
  ATP.
43
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A DNA sequence AACGGTGCACCACGG encodes an mRNA of sequence
  UUGCCACGUGGUGCC
44
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ATP is important to cellular processes because it
provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken.
45
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In the DNA damage response
repair enzymes replace mismatched nucleotides in DNA.
46
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A DNA molecule is a double helix in which A pairs with C and T pairs with G.
False
47
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During DNA replication,
  the DNA double helix comes apart where hydrogen bonds join base pairs, and new nucleotides are brought in, forming two double helices
48
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Metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions in a cell.
 True
49
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One reason that protein synthesis is important is that
enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism.
50
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In the citric acid cycle
  carbon dioxide is released.
51
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The genetic code is the correspondence between DNA sequence and amino acid sequence of a protein.
  True
52
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Codons are part of
mRNA.
53
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How many codons specify the twenty types of amino acids
  61
54
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The polymerase chain reaction is a lab version of
DNA replication.
55
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A different enzyme may catalyze the formation and the breakdown of the same molecule.
 True
56
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Oxidation forms chemical bonds.
False
57
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DNA profiling
compares the most variable parts of the genome for a variety of applications.
58
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An active site is the part of a substrate molecule that binds an enzyme.
  False 
59
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Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of RNA but not DNA?
\n   Uracil
60
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Anabolic metabolism refers to
  biochemical reactions that synthesize compounds.
61
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Which of the following substances increases in abundance during cellular respiration?
ATP
62
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Dehydration synthesis reactions _____, whereas hydrolysis reactions _____.
lose H2O to form bonds; use H2O to break bonds
63
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A mutation can cause disease if
the DNA sequence changes so that one amino acid is substituted for another in a way that affects the encoded protein's functioning.
64
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A chaperone protein
  helps a protein to fold.
65
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An example of an anabolic reaction is
  many monosaccharides bonding, forming glycogen.
66
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If one strand of DNA has the sequence TCAGGCTATTCCCG, then the complementary sequence of the other strand is
AGTCCGATAAGGGC.
67
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Anaerobic respiration occurs in _____, whereas aerobic respiration occurs in ______.
cytoplasm without O2 required; mitochondria with O2 required
68
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Releasing the energy in glucose molecules is an example of catabolism.
  True
69
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DNA and RNA differ in strandedness, type of sugar, and types of nitrogenous bases.
True
70
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The name of an enzyme ends in
\-ase
71
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A DNA strand of ACTTCGCATG, when replicated, would yield a strand of the same sequence.
False
72
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Copying DNA information into an mRNA molecule is called
  transcription.
73
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MicroRNAs
are all of the above
74
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A DNA sequence of CGCTTACGATTG would be transcribed into an RNA sequence of GCGAAUGCUAAC.
True
75
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Oxidation of glucose is important because it releases energy.
  True
76
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Which of the following is true?
Much of the genome does not encode protein.
77
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Catabolism refers to
breakdown of large molecules.
78
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Energy is defined as
  the capacity of matter to change.
79
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The two strands of a DNA molecule have opposite orientation.
  True
80
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Arsenic poisoning harms the body by
interfering with cellular extraction of energy from glucose.
81
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Genetic information is contained in protein molecules and is passed from one parent to another.
False
82
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?
They are most active at temperatures about 53 degrees C.
83
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A peptide bond forms between
adjacent amino acids held on a ribosome and bound to tRNAs.
84
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Transcription yields protein and translation produces RNA.
False
85
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DNA replication occurs
  during interphase of the cell cycle.
86
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Three types of genetic changes are
  mutations, SNPs, and changes in copy number.
87
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"Metabolism" refers to
  all of the chemical reactions in a cell.
88
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Synthesis of a protein stops when
  any of three "stop" codons are encountered in the mRNA.
89
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A molecule that is a storage form of carbohydrate is
  glycogen.
90
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Which choice lists structures in order of increasing size?
  nitrogenous base - nucleotide - gene - chromosome - genome
91
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The aerobic phase of respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
 

True
92
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The portion of a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a protein is called a gene
True
93
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Which of the following is not true regarding RNA?
  It is double-stranded.
94
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A mutation is
a change in a DNA sequence in less than 1% of a population that affects anatomy and/or physiology.
95
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The genetic code is
the correspondence between a DNA nucleotide and a specific amino acid.
96
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Three factors that increase the rates of enzyme-controlled reactions are the
number of enzyme molecules, number of substrate molecules, and efficiency of the enzyme.
97
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Catabolism builds up molecules and anabolism breaks down molecules.
 

False
98
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An important mechanism that controls metabolic pathways under physiological conditions is
negative feedback.
99
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When a sucrose molecule is decomposed to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule
 

water molecule is used.
100
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All of the genetic information in a cell is a genome.
  True