If you eat too much carbohydrate, it can be stored as fat.
True
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Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA but not RNA?
Thymine
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A glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules in
glycolysis.
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A cofactor is ______ and examples are _____.
a necessary part of some enzymes; copper, iron, and zinc
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An enzyme is
a molecule, usually a protein, that speeds the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy.
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DNA, RNA, and protein molecules can carry information because
they consist of sequences of building blocks.
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An ATP molecule consists of an adenine, a ribose, and three phosphates.
True
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The enzyme catalase acts on the substrate
hydrogen peroxide.
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A metabolic pathway is a particular sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions.
\n True
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In adipose tissue, fat molecules form when fatty acid molecules and glycerol join by hydrolysis.
False
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The reactions of anaerobic respiration take place in the
cytoplasm.
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A sequence of DNA 333 nucleotides long that is part of a gene encodes ___ amino acids.
111
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Proteins are critical to metabolism because all proteins are enzymes.
False
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What is the function of ATP molecules in living cells?
They hold energy from the oxidation of fuels in their high-energy phosphate bonds, and the energy is used in various cell processes.
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Aerobic respiration
requires oxygen.
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A DNA sequence AACGGTGCACCACGG encodes a portion of a protein of sequence
leu-pro-arg-gly-ala
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Transcription and translation differ in that
transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein.
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During the anaerobic phase of respiration, pyruvic acid reacts to form glucose.
False
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The metabolome includes
all of the small molecules that are part of metabolism
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Humans require vitamins in their diets because these nutrients
act as cofactors.
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A rate-limiting enzyme usually acts at the end of a metabolic pathway.
False
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In dehydration synthesis of a carbohydrate,
monosaccharides join.
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For each citric acid molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, 2 ATPs, 16 H atoms, and 4 CO2 molecules are produced.
False
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In DNA replication, the two halves of the double helix part and enzymes place A, C, G, and U nucleotides opposite their complements, forming two double helices from one.
False
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Which of the following best describes the interaction between an enzyme and its substrate?
Part of the enzyme temporarily binds part of the substrate molecule
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In cellular respiration,
energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules.
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DNA transcribed to mRNA always begins with the sequence
AUG
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Enzymes are proteins that promote specific chemical reactions.
True
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Dehydration synthesis is catabolic and hydrolysis is anabolic.
False
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Each individual has her or his own genetic code.
False
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The genome sequences of different individuals are
about 99.9% alike
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A cell may contain hundreds of different types of enzymes
True
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Which of the following is an example of catabolism?
The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
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The synthesis of an ATP molecule requires two ADP molecules.
False
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Anaerobic respiration
all of the answer choices are correct
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A molecule that is common to carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways and connects these two pathways metabolically is
acetyl coenzyme A.
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Which DNA sequence can encode the amino acid sequence ile-asp-ser-cys-his-tyr?
\n all of the answer choices are correct
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Oxidation during cellular respiration differs from burning in that respiration
uses enzymes to lower the activation energy.
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The electron transport chain is a series of enzyme complexes that pass electrons, releasing energy that is used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
True
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An active site of an enzyme is
the part of an enzyme that combines with a product.
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The basic steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are:
substrate and enzyme combine, forming an E-S complex. The reaction occurs, products are released, and the unchanged enzyme is released and recycled.
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A molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is
ATP.
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A DNA sequence AACGGTGCACCACGG encodes an mRNA of sequence
UUGCCACGUGGUGCC
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ATP is important to cellular processes because it
provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken.
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In the DNA damage response
repair enzymes replace mismatched nucleotides in DNA.
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A DNA molecule is a double helix in which A pairs with C and T pairs with G.
False
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During DNA replication,
the DNA double helix comes apart where hydrogen bonds join base pairs, and new nucleotides are brought in, forming two double helices
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Metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions in a cell.
True
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One reason that protein synthesis is important is that
enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism.
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In the citric acid cycle
carbon dioxide is released.
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The genetic code is the correspondence between DNA sequence and amino acid sequence of a protein.
True
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Codons are part of
mRNA.
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How many codons specify the twenty types of amino acids
61
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The polymerase chain reaction is a lab version of
DNA replication.
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A different enzyme may catalyze the formation and the breakdown of the same molecule.
True
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Oxidation forms chemical bonds.
False
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DNA profiling
compares the most variable parts of the genome for a variety of applications.
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An active site is the part of a substrate molecule that binds an enzyme.
False
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Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of RNA but not DNA?
\n Uracil
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Anabolic metabolism refers to
biochemical reactions that synthesize compounds.
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Which of the following substances increases in abundance during cellular respiration?