WSU SLP 5080 week 8 consonants part II

bilabial consonants

contact between upper & lower lips, lips rounded with varying degrees of closure. /p, b, m, w/

voiceless bilabial stop

/p/

voiced bilabial stop

/b/

voiced bilabial nasal

/m/

voiced bilabial glide

/w/, also voiced labio-velar glide

labiodental consonants

contact between lower lip & upper teeth, fricatives /f/ & /v/

voiceless labiodental fricative

/f/

voiced labiodental fricative

/v/

interdental consonants

contact between tongue and teeth, /θ, ð/, aka dental

voiceless interdental fricative

/θ/

voiced interdental fricative

/ð/

alveolar consonants

contact/constriction between tongue and alveolar ridge /t, d, s, z, n, l, ɫ, ɾ/

alveolar variant

tongue tip or tongue blade touches alveolar ridge

denti-alveolar variant

tongue tip behind upper teeth and tongue blade at alveolar ridge

post-alveolar variant

tongue tip or tongue blade behind alveolar ridge

voiceless alveolar stop

/t/

voiced alveolar stop

/d/

voiceless alveolar fricative

/s/

voiced alveolar fricative

/z/

voiced alveolar nasal

/n/

voiced alveolar liquid/lateral

/l/

clear L

/l/; primary articulatory gesture of alveolar lateral liquid, typically occurs in word-initial positions before vowels or intervocalic (between 2 vowels)

dark L

/ɫ/; allophonic variant of /l/, typically occurs in word-final position after vowels or before consonants (prowl, saddle)

alveolar tap

/ɾ/; allophonic variant of alveolar stops /t/ & /d/, aka fishhook; tongue actively and briefly strikes alveolar ridge (city, radar, waiter, ladder, writer)

palatal consonants

contact or constriction at hard palate, tongue body raised toward roof of mouth, /ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, ɹ, j/

voiceless palatal fricative

/ʃ/

voiced palatal fricative

/ʒ/

voiceless palatal affricate

/tʃ/

voiced palatal affricate

/dʒ/

voiced palatal liquid rhotic/retroflex

/ɹ/

voiced palatal glide

/j/

velar consonants

contact between tongue dorsum (back) and velum

voiceless velar stop

/k/

voiced velar stop

/g/

voiced velar nasal

/ŋ/

glottal consonants

constriction at vocal fold level

voiceless glottal stop

/ʔ/

voiceless glottal fricative

/h/