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Infiltration
The movement of water into soil or rock
Percolation
Vertical downward movement of water through soil to bedrock
Throughflow
Lateral (horizontal) movement of water through soil
Baseflow
Slow movement of water, deep down in the soil
Precipitation
Conversion and transfer and transfer of moisture in the atmosphere to the land
Soil storage
Storage of water within the soil layer
Groundwater storage
Water contained below the surface in rocks
Inter-basin transfer
Transport of water between 2 different water basin’s
Evaporation
Liquid turning into a gas
Throughfall
Water falling through gaps in vegetation or that drops from leaves or twigs
Stemflow
Water trickling down along twigs and branches and the main trunk
Water table
The upper layer of the permeability saturated zone within solid rocks and sediments
Aquifers
Rocks that contain significant quantities of water
Springs
Where groundwater flow reaches the earths surface
Evapotranspiration
The combined processes of evaporation, sublimation and the transpiration of the water from the earths surface in the atmosphere
Abstraction
Taking water from a source
Discharge
Quantity of water that passes a given point on the bank of a river within an interval of time. In simple terms, floodwater
Interception loss
The loss of the water that has been intercepted by vegetation
Porosity
Capacity of rock to hold water in its holes
Permeability
Ability to transmit water through a rock via joints and fissures
Overland flow
Flow of water above the surface
Aquiclude
Rock that cannot hold water
Antecedent rainfall
Rainfall that has already fallen
Corrasion and Abrasion
Wearing away of the bed and bank by the load carried by a river
Attrition
Wearing away of the load carried by a river. Banging together
Hydraulic action
Force of air and water on the sides of rivers and in cracks
Cavitation
Force of air exploding under high pressure
Corrosion (Solution)
Removal of chemical ions, chemical erosion
Load
Suspended- carried by river
Saltated- larger load bouncing on bed
Bed (tracted)- load carried along bed
Hjulstrom curve
Relationship between velocity and grain size
Laminar flow
water flowing in sheets or laminae parallel to the channel bed
Turbulent flow
Chaotic flow involving eddying and vertical movement
Helicoidal flow
Corkscrewing motion responsible for the formation of meanders
Pools
Deep parts of a river
Riffles
Deposited bars in the straight section of a meander
River cliffs
Steep banks located on the outer bend of a meander
Point bars
Landforms of deposition found on the inner bank of a meander
Levees
Embankments found at the side of a river, formed by deposition during floods
Floodplain
Any part of any stream valley that is inundated during floods
River bluffs
Steep slopes at the edge of of a river
Bottomset beds
The finer material carried out in a delta, later covered by heavier sediments
Foreset beds
Medium sized deposits in deltas, on top of bottom set
Topset beds
The heaviest deposits in deltas, deposited on top of everything
Arcuate delta
Fan shaped delta, found in areas where regular LSD or other currents keep the seaward edge of the delta relatively smooth in shape
Cuspate delta
Dogtooth shape, formed by regular but opposing gentle water movements
Birds-foot delta
Found where the river brings down enormous amounts of fine silt, deposition can occur in a still sea area, along the edges of the distributaries and extend for a very long distance offshore
Lacustrine delta
A delta in a lake
Sinuosity
The amount of bend in a river
Alluvial fans
When material is deposited when a river gradient decreases and it enters a wide, flat valley
Recurrence interval
Regularity of a flood event
Drainage basin
Total area that contributes water to a river