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Agressive communication
Passive communication
You are unwilling to share thoughts and feelings. l You allow others to make decisions for you. l You never or rarely defend yourself or your beliefs. l Fundamentally, you believe that others should get their way.
Assertive communication
You clearly express your own thoughts and feelings. l You have a definite sense of respect for others. l You recognize the difference between attacking the person and attacking the problem. l You often adopt a win-win attitude: both you and others have the right to be respected.
body language
refers to the gestures, postures and facial expressions we use to express ourselves nonverbally, without words. Whether we realize it or not, we communicate many things through body language. Everything from nodding to making eye contact to smiling are ways that we send signals out to others.
Reflective listening
important component of active listening. It involves restating what you’ve heard to make sure that you’ve understood accurately
Cultural differences in communication
The shared beliefs and behaviors that are passed from parents to children within a culture are called cultural norms. Ways of communicating are included in these norms. Understanding and respecting these differences between people of different cultures will help you be a better communicator.
Conflict
“I” statements help to reach the core of a conflict rather than focus on the emotion of the moment. Used correctly, they help to achieve resolution, especially when followed up with a respectful request.
Fermentation
Byproduct of yeast (a fungus) metabolizing sugar in grains and fruits.
Proof
The amount of alcohol contained in a beverage; it is equal to twice percent value of alcohol by volume.
Tolerance
body requires more alcohol over time to get the same effect (adjustment of body to extra alcohol in bloodstream)
Light consumption
no more than 1 drink a day, and three or fewer times per week (3 drinks a week, drinking only on 3 days)
Moderate consumption
1 drink a day for women, 2 drinks a day for men
Binge drinking
(5 for males; 4 for females)
Alcohol Poisining
- Unconsciousness
- Vomiting
- Pale, cold, and clammy skin
- Abnormally low breathing
Alcoholism
The inability to control drinking due to both a physical and emotional dependence on alcohol.
Enzyme
breaks things down (end in ase)
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to NADH.
Hypothermia
When your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat.
Fetal Alcohol syndrome
causes birth effects (happens when mothers are drinking while pregnant).
Blood alcohol concentration
0.02% light moderate drinkers feel effects
0.08% definite motor impairment, legal limit
0.12% vomiting usually occurs
0.40% most people lose consciousness; possible death
0.50% death usually occurs
Withdrawal
Adverse effects on health by not having alcohol in the system, discomfort quitting.
Nicotine
A stimulant drug the speeds up the messages traveling between the brain and the body
Dose related
Smoking is dose related (40 cigars in one day is same as having 1 cigar a week for 40 weeks
Bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
Carcinogen
cancer causing chemical
Tar
is a carcinogen
carbon monoxide
messes with body way to carry in oxygen, (messes with hemoglobin - thing that red blood cells combine to)
Hemoglobin
Protein in red blood cells
Mainstream smoke
The smoke inhaled by the smoker from the cigarette
Exhaled mainstream smoke
smoke exhaled by the smoker (second hand smoke)
Environmental tobacco smoke
Linked to cancer; ranked as third among preventable causes of death.) three types - mainstream, sidestream, exhaled mainstream
Sidestream smoke
Smoke from the end of a burning cigarette (worst one)
Medicine
Any substance used to treat ailment or illness
Prescription medication
a pharmaceutical drug that is only permitted to be dispensed to those with a medical prescription.
Over the counter medication
Medicine you can buy without prescription.
Prescription drug abuse
Using a medicine for something other than its intended purpose.
Drug Abuse
Using a drug to achieve an abnormal mental or physical state.
Tolerance
Tolerance for alcohol is chronic, but increasing drug tolerance can be both acute and chronic (needing lethal dose to feel is acute)
Flashback
Side effect of long time usage of hallucinogen.
Amphetamines(pharmaceutical stimulants)
Harmful effects include delusions and feelings of paranoia
Can lead to strange and violent behavior
Potential to be psychologically addictive
Narcotics
Pain-killing drugs such as morphine, codeine, and heroin
Derived from opium poppy
Human-made substitutes are available
Produce sense of well-being and calmness
Harmful effects include physical and psychological dependence, overdoses resulting in coma and death
Reward pathway
A system that links together a number of brain structures that control and regulate our ability to feel pleasure.
Dopamine
The neurotransmitter that is used to signify pleasure.
THC
The active ingredient that can be found in marijuana.
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter controlling sleep, mood, learning and pain
Hallucinogens
Things that alter the way your brain perceives reality.
Psychedelics
PCP, LSD, mescaline, psilocybin- these are examples of what?
Depressant
Slows function of Central nervous system
Stimulant
some include: amphetamines, MDMA (ecstasy), cocaine, and crack cocaine. these speed up activity in the central nervous system.
Cocaine
Produced from south American coca plant
Comes as white powder that is sniffed into the nose
Very psychologically addicting
Can become addicted with one use
Crack Cocaine
Form that is smoked; has a more intense, shorter-lasting effect. Can lead to stillbirth.
Inhalant
Quickly evaporating substances found in cleaning products.
Steroids
drugs that build muscle (have to be working out)
Synthetic
Fakely made such as MDMA (ecstasy)
Overuse Injury
Comes from overusing a specific muscle and these can include shin splints that you get as a runner.
Traumatic injury
Caused by broken bones or other stuff.
RICE
Rest Ice Compress Elevate, which is what you use for recovering from an injury.
Hyperthermia
Abnormally high body temp caused by a failure of the heat-regulating mechanisms of the body to deal with heat from the environment.
Heat Stroke
Has the same symptoms as heat exhaustion. It can cause organ failure and occurs when you are at 105.1 degrees F or higher.
Heat Exhaustion
Caused by a loss of water and electrolytes from sweat, and in order to help someone who is experiencing heat exhaustion, they will need to have rapid hydration.
Hypothermia
Occurs when your body is losing heat faster than it can produce heat. Wet and damp clothes make one experience it faster.
Accidents
The leading cause of death and disabilities in children, teens, and young adults.
Sexual Assault
Unwanted touching sexually without consent.
Date Rape
is when both parties do not give consent for sexual activity.
Statutory rape
Unwanted sexual touching with a person under the age of 18
Sexual Harassment
harassment is unwanted advances (not physical, or else it would be assault)
Identity Theft
when your personal information is taken and used for various purposes, mostly for obtaining money. You must be careful with websites and other online services when inputting personal information.
Phishing
when you steal information by false information.
Email Scam
when an email has a link leading to a fraudulent website.
Frostbite
Fingers, ears, and toes need extra protection because of the cold and risk of them falling off.
Dehydration
It is when your body does not have enough water and your body cannot cool off.
Five and Five
Give 5 sharp hits with the heel of your hand between their shoulder blades and pull up and in and hit them in the abdomen 5 times.
CPR
the procedure used to help someone as they are choking.
Fainting
The brief cause of loss of consciousness. It is because of a temporary inadequate amount of blood going to the brain.
3 Types of Conflict
Interpersonal (Between different people; peer pressure, grades)
Social (larger groups in society that hold different values and interests, racism, sexism)
Internal(within oneself, when an individual experiences a clash of ideas or beliefs)
Statistics about rape
Teens between the ages of 16 and 19 are three and a half times more likely than the general population to victims of rape, attempted rape or sexual assault
Women are more likely to experience sexual assault
Nearly 500,000 rapes and sexual assaults are reported each year, but most rapes are never brought to the attention of local authorities
Although acquaintance rape is just as much of a crime as a rape committed by a stranger, only 5% of acquaintance rapes are ever reported
Four potential signs of alcohol poisoning
Vomiting
Unconsciousness
Breathing slowly (fewer than eight breaths a minute or 10 or more seconds between breaths)
Pale, cold, clammy skin
Four main characteristics of alcoholism
A craving to drink alcohol
The inability to control drinking behavior once it begins
Withdrawal symptoms after drinking stops
Tolerance, which means having to drink more and more in order to get “high”
Four conditions affecting the level of BAC
Body size
Body composition
Amount of food in stomach - fats and starches slow down alcohol absorption
Amount of food in stomach
Acetone
nail polish remover
Arsenic
poison
Benzene
paint, plastic, pesticides
Tablet
dissolve in stomach so medication is absorbed into bloodstream
Capsule
designed to be absorbed in the small intestine to avoid damage from stomach acid
Creams/ointments
used to treat skin conditions on which they can be directly applied
Aerosol
sprays used to administer medication into the nose or throat
Injection
injected under the skin to be absorbed into bloodstream, into veins to absorb and act quickly, or into muscle tissue.
Three forms of prescription drug misuse
Taking more of a drug than prescribed or continuing to take a drug after a doctor deemed it no longer necessary
Using a drug for a medical condition other than the drug’s intended purpose
Using a medication that is prescribed for someone else
Nicotine and other drugs (These are just facts)
Marijuana smoke contains more tar than tobacco smoke
Cocaine is so psychologically addicting that some users become addicted the first time they use it
most teens don’t do drugs
Studies show teens overwhelmingly disapprove of drug users
Nicotine increase heart rate, and causes capillary constriction leading to high blood pressure
Nicotine increases the likelihood that cholesterol will build up in the blood vessels
Tar is what gives smoke its gray color and what makes it a carcinogen
Most lung cancer victims do not survive the disease
Approximately 90% of lung cancer patients are smokers, and only 1 in 10 live more than 5 years after diagnosis
Early signs of heart disease and stroke are already present in some teenage smokers
90% of all smokers start smoking before age 19
Alcohol is a depressant, slowing CNS impulses
Too much alcohol can depress brain centers that control respiration and heart rate causing them to shut down
The body triggers the vomit response to protect itself from poisoning, expelling alcohol from stomach before it can FULLY enter bloodstream
An average marijuana cigarette contains 150 mg of THC, 10 times the amount from the 60’s
Marijuana smoke contains 50-70% more cancer-causing chemicals than tobacco smoke, and causes production of an enzyme that accelerates cancer growth
The most commonly misused prescription drugs are painkillers and mood suppressants
Steroids do not increase athletic skill or speed
4 main categories of injuries
Motor vehicle
Injuries in the home
Recreational injuries
Injuries on the job
Top three causes of death among children, teens and young adults
accidents
homicide
Suicide
Three things fire needs to burn
oxygen
ignitions
fuel