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Agressive communication

### You can be bullying and intimidating toward others. You are inconsiderate of others’ feelings or points of view. During disagreements, you resort to personal attacks on people in order to hurt their feelings or upset them. Your attitude toward relationships is fundamentally competitive.

Passive communication

You are unwilling to share thoughts and feelings. l You allow others to make decisions for you. l You never or rarely defend yourself or your beliefs. l Fundamentally, you believe that others should get their way.

Assertive communication

You clearly express your own thoughts and feelings. l You have a definite sense of respect for others. l You recognize the difference between attacking the person and attacking the problem. l You often adopt a win-win attitude: both you and others have the right to be respected.

body language

refers to the gestures, postures and facial expressions we use to express ourselves nonverbally, without words. Whether we realize it or not, we communicate many things through body language. Everything from nodding to making eye contact to smiling are ways that we send signals out to others. 

Reflective listening

important component of active listening. It involves restating what you’ve heard to make sure that you’ve understood accurately

Cultural differences in communication

The shared beliefs and behaviors that are passed from parents to children within a culture are called cultural norms. Ways of communicating are included in these norms. Understanding and respecting these differences between people of different cultures will help you be a better communicator.

Conflict

“I” statements help to reach the core of a conflict rather than focus on the emotion of the moment. Used correctly, they help to achieve resolution, especially when followed up with a respectful request.

Fermentation

Byproduct of yeast (a fungus) metabolizing sugar in grains and fruits.

Proof

The amount of alcohol contained in a beverage; it is equal to twice percent value of alcohol by volume.

Tolerance

body requires more alcohol over time to get the same effect (adjustment of body to extra alcohol in bloodstream) 

Light consumption

no more than 1 drink a day, and three or fewer times per week (3 drinks a week, drinking only on 3 days)

Moderate consumption

1 drink a day for women, 2 drinks a day for men

Binge drinking

(5 for males; 4 for females)  

Alcohol Poisining

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        - Unconsciousness

        - Vomiting

        - Pale, cold, and clammy skin

    - Abnormally low breathing

Alcoholism

The inability to control drinking due to both a physical and emotional dependence on alcohol.

Enzyme

breaks things down (end in ase)

**A**lcohol dehydrogenase 

Group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to NADH.

Hypothermia

When your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat.

Fetal Alcohol syndrome

causes birth effects (happens when mothers are drinking while pregnant).

Blood alcohol concentration

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* **0.02% light moderate drinkers feel effects** 
* **0.08% definite motor impairment, legal limit**
* **0.12% vomiting  usually occurs**
* **0.40% most people lose consciousness; possible death**
* **0.50% death usually occurs**

Withdrawal

Adverse effects on health by not having alcohol in the system, discomfort quitting.

Nicotine

A stimulant drug the speeds up the messages traveling between the brain and the body

 **D**ose related

Smoking is dose related (40 cigars in one day is same as having 1 cigar a week for 40 weeks

**B**ronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi

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**C**arcinogen

cancer causing chemical

**Tar**

is a carcinogen 

carbon monoxide

messes with body way to carry in oxygen, (messes with hemoglobin - thing that red blood cells combine to)

Hemoglobin

Protein in red blood cells

Mainstream smoke

The smoke inhaled by the smoker from the cigarette

Exhaled mainstream smoke

smoke exhaled by the smoker (second hand smoke)

Environmental tobacco smoke

Linked to cancer; ranked as third among preventable causes of death.) three types - mainstream, sidestream, exhaled mainstream

Sidestream smoke

Smoke from the end of a burning cigarette (worst one)

Medicine

Any substance used to treat ailment or illness 

Prescription medication

a pharmaceutical drug that is only permitted to be dispensed to those with a medical prescription.

Over the counter medication

Medicine you can buy without prescription.

Prescription drug abuse

Using a medicine for something other than its intended purpose. 

Drug Abuse

Using a drug to achieve an abnormal mental or physical state.

Tolerance

Tolerance for alcohol is chronic, but increasing drug tolerance can be both acute and chronic (needing lethal dose to feel is acute)

 Flashback

Side effect of long time usage of hallucinogen.

Amphetamines(pharmaceutical stimulants)

* Harmful effects include delusions and feelings of paranoia
* Can lead to strange and violent behavior 
* Potential to be psychologically addictive  

Narcotics

1. Pain-killing drugs such as morphine, codeine, and heroin
2. Derived from opium poppy 
3. Human-made substitutes are available 
4. Produce sense of well-being and calmness 
5. Harmful effects include physical and psychological dependence, overdoses resulting in coma and death 

Reward pathway

A system that links together a number of brain structures that control and regulate our ability to feel pleasure.

Dopamine

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The neurotransmitter that is used to signify pleasure. 

THC

The active ingredient that can be found in marijuana.

Serotonin

Neurotransmitter controlling sleep, mood, learning and pain 

Hallucinogens

Things that alter the way your brain perceives reality.

Psychedelics 

PCP, LSD, mescaline, psilocybin- these are examples of what?

Depressant

Slows function of Central nervous system 

Stimulant

some include: amphetamines, MDMA (ecstasy), cocaine, and crack cocaine. these speed up activity in the central nervous system.

Cocaine

1. \

1. Produced from south American coca plant 
2. Comes as white powder that is sniffed into the nose 
3. Very psychologically addicting 
4. Can become addicted with one use 

Crack Cocaine

Form that is smoked; has a more intense, shorter-lasting effect. Can lead to stillbirth.

Inhalant

Quickly evaporating substances found in cleaning products.

Steroids

 drugs that build muscle (have to be working out)

 Synthetic 

Fakely made such as MDMA (ecstasy)

Overuse Injury

Comes from overusing a specific muscle and these can include shin splints that you get as a runner.  

Traumatic injury

Caused by broken bones or other stuff. 

RICE

Rest Ice Compress Elevate, which is what you use for recovering from an injury.

Hyperthermia

Abnormally high body temp caused by a failure of the heat-regulating mechanisms of the body to deal with heat from the environment.     

Heat Stroke

Has the same symptoms as heat exhaustion. It can cause organ failure and occurs when you are at 105.1 degrees F or higher. 

Heat Exhaustion

Caused by a loss of water and electrolytes from sweat, and in order to help someone who is experiencing heat exhaustion, they will need to have rapid hydration. 

Hypothermia

Occurs when your body is losing heat faster than it can produce heat. Wet and damp clothes make one experience it faster. 

Accidents

The leading cause of death and disabilities in children, teens, and young adults.  

Sexual Assault

Unwanted touching sexually without consent.

Date Rape

is when both parties do not give consent for sexual activity. 

Statutory rape

Unwanted sexual touching with a person under the age of 18

Sexual Harassment

1. harassment is unwanted advances (not physical, or else it would be assault)

Identity Theft

when your personal information is taken and used for various purposes, mostly for obtaining money. You must be careful with websites and other online services when inputting personal information. 

Phishing

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when you steal information by false information. 

Email Scam

when an email has a link leading to a fraudulent website. 

Frostbite

Fingers, ears, and toes need extra protection because of the cold and risk of them falling off. 

Dehydration

It is when your body does not have enough water and your body cannot cool off. 

Five and Five

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Give 5 sharp hits with the heel of your hand between their shoulder blades and pull up and in and hit them in the abdomen 5 times. 

CPR

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the procedure used to help someone as they are choking. 

Fainting

The brief cause of loss of consciousness. It is because of a temporary inadequate amount of blood going to the brain. 

3 Types of Conflict

Interpersonal (Between different people; peer pressure, grades)

Social (larger groups in society that hold different values and interests, racism, sexism)

Internal(within oneself, when an individual experiences a clash of ideas or beliefs)

Statistics about rape

* Teens between the ages of 16 and 19 are three and a half times more likely than  the general population to victims of rape, attempted rape or sexual assault 
* Women are more likely to experience sexual assault
* Nearly 500,000 rapes and sexual assaults are reported each year, but most rapes are never brought to the attention of local authorities 
* Although acquaintance rape is just as much of a crime as a rape committed by a stranger, only 5% of acquaintance rapes are ever reported 

Four potential signs of alcohol poisoning 

1. Vomiting 
2. Unconsciousness 
3. Breathing slowly (fewer than eight breaths a minute or 10 or more seconds between breaths) 
4. Pale, cold, clammy skin

Four main characteristics of alcoholism

1. A craving to drink alcohol 
2. The inability to control drinking behavior once it begins
3. Withdrawal symptoms after drinking stops 
4. Tolerance, which means having to drink more and more in order to get “high”

Four conditions affecting the level of BAC

1. Body size 
2. Body composition 
3. Amount of food in stomach - fats and starches slow down alcohol absorption 
4. Amount of food in stomach 

Acetone

nail polish remover 

Arsenic

poison

Benzene

paint, plastic, pesticides 

Tablet

dissolve in stomach so medication is absorbed into bloodstream

Capsule

designed to be absorbed in the small intestine to avoid damage from stomach acid

 Creams/ointments

used to treat skin conditions on which they can be directly applied

Aerosol

sprays used to administer medication into the nose or throat

Injection

injected under the skin to be absorbed into bloodstream, into veins to absorb and act quickly, or into muscle tissue.

Three forms of prescription drug misuse

1. Taking more of a drug than prescribed or continuing to take a drug after a doctor deemed it no longer necessary 
2. Using a drug for a medical condition other than the drug’s intended purpose 
3. Using a medication that is prescribed for someone else

Nicotine and other drugs (These are just facts)

* Marijuana smoke contains more tar than tobacco smoke 
* Cocaine is so psychologically addicting that some users become addicted the first time they use it 
* most teens don’t do drugs 
* Studies show teens overwhelmingly disapprove of drug users 
* Nicotine increase heart rate, and causes capillary constriction leading to high blood pressure 
* Nicotine increases the likelihood that cholesterol will build up in the blood vessels 
* Tar is what gives smoke its gray color and what makes it a carcinogen 
* Most lung cancer victims do not survive the disease   
* Approximately 90% of lung cancer patients are smokers, and only 1 in 10 live more than 5 years after diagnosis 
* **Early signs of heart disease and stroke are already present in some teenage smokers** 
* 90% of all smokers start smoking before age 19 
* Alcohol is a depressant, slowing CNS impulses 
* Too much alcohol can depress brain centers that control respiration and heart rate causing them to shut down 
*  The body triggers the vomit response to protect itself from poisoning, expelling alcohol from stomach before it can FULLY enter bloodstream
* An average marijuana cigarette contains 150 mg of THC, 10 times the amount from the 60’s 
*  Marijuana smoke contains 50-70% more cancer-causing chemicals than tobacco smoke, and causes production of an enzyme that accelerates cancer growth 
*  **The most commonly misused prescription drugs are painkillers and mood suppressants**
* **Steroids do not increase athletic skill or speed**

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4 main categories of injuries 

1. Motor vehicle 
2. Injuries in the home
3. Recreational injuries 
4. Injuries on the job 

Top three causes of death among children, teens and young adults 

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1. accidents 
2. homicide 
3. Suicide 

Three things fire needs to burn

1. oxygen 
2. ignitions 
3. fuel