Studied by 11 people
how much electrons can s subshell hold?
2
how much electrons can p subshell hold?
6
how much electrons can d subshell hold?
10
how much electrons can f subshell hold?
14
how many orbital are designated for s subshell?
1
how many orbital are designated for p subshell?
3
how many orbital are designated for d subshell?
5
how many orbital are designated for f subshell?
7
what does the integer numbers represent? in 1s^2 (the first number)
energy levels
what do the letters represent in 1s^2 ( s, p, d, f)
subshells (shapes)
what color of flame is produced when sodium is heated up?
yellow
what color flame is potassium?
violet
flame of lithium
red
flame of strontium
red
flame of calcium
orange
flame of barium
yellow
flame of copper
green
What color has the longest wavelength?
red
What color has the shortest wavelength?
violet
what color has lowest frequency
red
What color has the highest frequency?
violet
what color has the lowest energy?
red
what color has the highest energy?
violet
how to find total number of electrons
inner electrons+ outer shell= total
Aufbau Principle
An electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital available
Pauli Exclusion Principle
no same two electrons in the same atom can be in the same place at the same time
Hund's Rule
orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by 1 electron before any orbital os occupied by a second electron. BUS SEAT EXAMPLE
Do metals become cations or anions? why?
cations. they have fewer valence electrons to lose to become stable.
Do nonmetals become cations or anions? why?
Anions. They only need a few valence electrons to become stable.
what ionic charge is group 1?
+1
what ionic charge is group 2?
+2
what ionic charge is group 13?
+3
what ionic charge is group 15?
-3
what ionic charge is group 16?
-2
what ionic charge is group 17?
-1
what ionic charge does group 18 have?
0
Does atomic radius increase or decrease down a group?
increase
Does atomic radius increase or decrease across a period?
decrease
Does ionic radius increase or decrease down a group?
increase
Does ionic radius increase or decrease across a period?
decrease
when a metal becomes an ion it gets _____________
smaller
when a non metal becomes an ion it gets ______________
bigger
ionization energy
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Does ionization energy increase or decrease down a group?
decrease
Does ionization energy increase or decrease across a period?
increase
Does electron affinity increase or decrease down a group?
decrease
Does electronegativity increase or decrease across a period?
increase
What does high IE
very hard to remove electron
what are the hardest to remove electrons from?
noble gases
What does low IE mean?
easier to remove electron from
Does electronegativity increase or decrease down a group?
decrease
Does electronegativity increase or decrease across a period?
increase
who discovered a method to measure relative masses of atoms?
Stanislao Cannizzaro
who organized elements in increasing atomic masses?
Dmitri Mendeleev
who organized elements in increasing atomic number? (periodic law)
Henry Moseley
how many valence electrons does He have? (only exception)
2
Group 1 is also known as
Alkali metals
Group 2 is also known as
Alkaline-earth metals
Group 3-12 is also known as
Transition metals
Group 17 is also known as
Halogens
Group 18 is also known as
Noble gases
In groups 3-12, the d subshell that ends in 4 will change to
5
In groups 3-12, the d subshell that ends in 9 will change to
10
Note
Flashcard