Chapter 10: The Respiratory System - Pulmonology

adenoid/o

adenoid

bronch/o, brochi/o

bronchus

bronchiol/o

bronchiole

capn/o, carb/o

carbon dioxide

laryng/o

larynx (voice box)

lob/o

lobe

nas/o

nose

ox/o

oxygen

pector/o

chest

pharyng/o

pharynx

phren/o

diaphragm

pleur/o

pleura

-pnea

breathing

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

air or lungs

pulmon/o

lungs

rhin/o

nose

sept/o

septum

sin/o, sinus/o

sinus

thorac/o

chest

tonsill/o

tonsil

trache/o

trachea

adenoidectomy

removal of the adenoids

antitussive

a drug that prevents coughing

apnea

cessation of breathing

asthma

a disease caused by episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway

atelectasis

incomplete expansion

auscultation

from the Latin word ausculto, meaning “to listen”; a doctor using a stethoscope is performing an auscultation

bradypnea

slow breathing

bronchiectasis

expansion of the bronchi

bronchiogenic carcinoma

a cancerous tumor originating in the bronchi

bronchiolitis

inflammation of the bronchiole

bronchoplasty

reconstruction of a bronchus

bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi

bronchodilator

a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi

bronchorrhea

discharge from the bronchi

bronchoscopy

a procedure to look inside the bronchi

bronchospasm

involuntary contraction of the bronchi

capnography

a procedure to record carbon dioxide levels

capnometer

instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

a method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped

caseous necrosis

the death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

a lung disease caused by the continual blockage of lung passages

chylothorax

chyle in the chest

computed tomography

a recording procedure using a computer to “cut” or view “slices” of a patient’s organs

cystic fibrosis

a genetic disease primarily affecting the lungs

diaphragmatocele

hernia of the diaphragm

dysphonia

“bad voice condition”; hoarseness

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

emphysema

a disease that causes the alveoli to lose their elasticity; patients can inhale but have difficulty exhaling

empyema

pus inside (the chest)

endoscope

instrument to look inside

endotracheal intubation

insertion of a tube inside the trachea

epistaxis

nosebleed

eupnea

good/normal breathing

expectorant

a drug that encourages that expulsion of material from the lungs

expectoration

coughing or spitting material out of the lungs

hemoptysis

coughing up blood

hemothorax

blood in the chest

hypercapnia

condition of having excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

hypercarbia

excessive carbon dioxide

hyperpnea

heavy breathing

hyperventilation

overbreathing; condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypocapnia

hypocapnia, hypocarbia

insufficient carbon dioxide

hypopnea

shallow breathing

hypoventilation

underbreathing; condition of having too little air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia

hypoxemia

insufficient oxygen in the blood

hypoxia

insufficient oxygen

laryngectomy

removal of the larynx

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

laryngoplasty

reconstruction of the larynx

laryngotracheobronchitis

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

mesothelioma

a cancerous tumor of the mesothelium cells lining the lungs

mucolytic

a drug that aids in the breakdon of mucus

nasopharyngoscope

an instrument to look at the nose and throat

nebulizer

a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a “cloud” or mist that is inhaled by the patient

obstructive lung disorder

a lung disorder caused by a blockage

orthopnea

able to breathe only in an upright position

oximetry

a procedure to measure oxygen levels

palatoplasty

reconstruction of the palate

pansinusitis

inflammation of all sinuses

pectoriloquy

“speaking from the chest”; used as a means of finding masses in the lung

pectus carinatum

a chest that protrudes like the keel of a ship

pectus excavatum

a chest that is hollowed out

percussion

the body surface; in this context, to cause vibrations that can help locate fluid buildup in the chest

phrenoplegia

paralysis of the diaphragm

phrenoptosis

drooping of the diaphragm

phrenospasm

involuntary contraction of the diaphragm

pleurodynia, pleuralgia

pain in the pleura

pleural effusion

fluid pouring out into the pleura

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura; another word for pleuritis

pleuritis

inflammation of the pleura

pleuropexy

reattachment of the pleura

pneumatocele

hernia of the lung

pneumohemothorax

air and blood in the chest

pneumonectomy

removal of a lung

pneumonia

a lung condition

pneumonitis

inflammation of the lung

pneumothorax

air in the chest

polysomnography

recording multiple aspects of sleep

pulmonary angiography

a procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel activity