Pharm Cardiovascular Drugs Summary

Mechanism of Action: Hyperpolarizes AV node

Indications: PSVT

Side Effects: Flushing, chest pain, bronchospasm

Drug Interactions: Dipyridamole

Contraindications: 2nd/3rd degree AV block

Adenosine

Mechanism of Action: Blocks K+ channels

Indications: Ventricular & atrial arrhythmias

Side Effects: Pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid effects

Drug Interactions: Warfarin, digoxin

Contraindications: Bradycardia, heart block

Amiodarone

Mechanism of Action: Blocks L-type Ca channels

Indications: HTN, angina

Side Effects: Peripheral edema

Drug Interactions: CYP3A4 drugs

Contraindications: Severe aortic stenosis

Amlodipine

Mechanism of Action: Beta-1 blocker

Indications: HTN, angina

Side Effects: Bradycardia, fatigue

Drug Interactions: Other BBs, CCBs

Contraindications: Bradycardia, heart block

Atenolol

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase

Indications: Hyperlipidemia

Side Effects: Myopathy, elevated LFTs

Drug Interactions: Fibrates

Contraindications: Liver disease, pregnancy

Atorvastatin

Mechanism of Action: Beta-1 blocker

Indications: HF, HTN

Side Effects: Fatigue, bradycardia

Drug Interactions: CCBs

Contraindications: Bradycardia, AV block

Bisoprolol

Mechanism of Action: Alpha-2 agonist

Indications: HTN (urgent)

Side Effects: Sedation, dry mouth

Drug Interactions: TCAs

Contraindications: Depression, bradycardia

Clonidine

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase

Indications: Afib, HF

Side Effects: Nausea, arrhythmias

Drug Interactions: Amiodarone, verapamil

Contraindications: VFib

Digoxin

Mechanism of Action: Blocks L-type Ca channels

Indications: SVT, afib

Side Effects: Bradycardia, constipation

Drug Interactions: BBs

Contraindications: HF, hypotension

Diltiazem

Mechanism of Action: K+ channel blocker

Indications: Afib/flutter

Side Effects: QT prolongation

Drug Interactions: Cimetidine, verapamil

Contraindications: QTc > 440ms

Dofetilide

Mechanism of Action: K+, Na+, Ca++ blocker

Indications: Afib/flutter

Side Effects: GI upset, hepatic injury

Drug Interactions: CYP3A4 drugs

Contraindications: Severe HF

Dronedarone

Mechanism of Action: Aldosterone antagonist

Indications: HF, HTN

Side Effects: Hyperkalemia

Drug Interactions: ACEI, ARBs

Contraindications: Renal failure

Eplerenone

Mechanism of Action: Beta-1 blocker (IV)

Indications: Acute SVT

Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypotension

Drug Interactions: CCBs

Contraindications: HF, AV block

Esmolol

Mechanism of Action: Na+ channel blocker

Indications: Afib, SVT

Side Effects: Dizziness, proarrhythmic

Drug Interactions: Amiodarone

Contraindications: Structural heart disease

Flecainide

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits Na-K-2Cl

Indications: Edema, HF

Side Effects: Hypokalemia, ototoxicity

Drug Interactions: NSAIDs

Contraindications: Anuria

Furosemide

Mechanism of Action: Arterial vasodilator

Indications: HF, HTN

Side Effects: Headache, lupus-like syndrome

Drug Interactions: BBs

Contraindications: Coronary artery disease

Hydralazine

Mechanism of Action: K+ channel blocker

Indications: Afib conversion

Side Effects: QT prolongation

Drug Interactions: Other QT-prolongers

Contraindications: Electrolyte imbalance

Ibutilide

Mechanism of Action: Venous vasodilator

Indications: Angina, HF

Side Effects: Headache, hypotension

Drug Interactions: PDE5 inhibitors

Contraindications: Severe anemia

Isosorbide Dinitrate

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits ACE

Indications: HTN, HF

Side Effects: Cough, angioedema

Drug Interactions: K+ supplements

Contraindications: Pregnancy

Lisinopril

Mechanism of Action: ARB

Indications: HTN, HF

Side Effects: Hyperkalemia, dizziness

Drug Interactions: NSAIDs

Contraindications: Pregnancy

Losartan

Mechanism of Action: Beta-1 blocker

Indications: HTN, HF

Side Effects: Fatigue, bradycardia

Drug Interactions: CCBs

Contraindications: Asthma, bradycardia

Metoprolol

Mechanism of Action: Na+ channel blocker

Indications: Ventricular arrhythmias

Side Effects: GI upset, tremor

Drug Interactions: Amiodarone

Contraindications: Cardiogenic shock

Mexiletine

Mechanism of Action: DHP Ca channel blocker

Indications: HTN, angina

Side Effects: Edema, flushing

Drug Interactions: CYP3A4 inhibitors

Contraindications: Severe hypotension

Nifedipine

Mechanism of Action: Increases cGMP

Indications: Angina, HF

Side Effects: Headache, hypotension

Drug Interactions: PDE5 inhibitors

Contraindications: Anemia, ICP

Nitroglycerin

Mechanism of Action: Na+ blocker, BB

Indications: SVT, afib

Side Effects: Metallic taste, bradycardia

Drug Interactions: BBs, warfarin

Contraindications: CHF, AV block

Propafenone

Mechanism of Action: Non-selective beta-blocker

Indications: HTN, angina, tremor

Side Effects: Fatigue, depression

Drug Interactions: CCBs

Contraindications: Asthma, HF

Propanolol

Mechanism of Action: Na+, K+ channel blocker

Indications: Afib, VT

Side Effects: QT prolongation, diarrhea

Drug Interactions: QT drugs

Contraindications: Prolonged QT

Quinidine

Mechanism of Action: Late Na+ channel blocker

Indications: Chronic angina

Side Effects: QT prolongation

Drug Interactions: CYP3A4 inhibitors

Contraindications: Liver cirrhosis

Ranolazine

Mechanism of Action: Neprilysin inhibitor + ARB

Indications: HFrEF

Side Effects: Hypotension, hyperkalemia

Drug Interactions: ACEI

Contraindications: Angioedema

Sacubitril/Valsartan

Mechanism of Action: BB + K+ blocker

Indications: Afib, VT

Side Effects: QT prolongation, bradycardia

Drug Interactions: QT drugs

Contraindications: Asthma, QTc > 440ms

Sotalol

Mechanism of Action: Aldosterone antagonist

Indications: HF, hyperaldosteronism

Side Effects: Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia

Drug Interactions: ACEI, ARBs

Contraindications: Renal failure

Spironolactone

Mechanism of Action: Blocks L-type Ca channels

Indications: SVT, angina

Side Effects: Bradycardia, gingival hyperplasia

Drug Interactions: BBs, digoxin

Contraindications: AV block

Verapamil

Mechanism of Action: Na+ channel blocker

Indications: Ventricular arrhythmias

Side Effects: Agranulocytosis

Drug Interactions: Rare use

Contraindications: Blood dyscrasias

Tocainide