BIOL 2160 Exam 5 Crousillac

liver

A deficiency in cholesterol will have the largest effect on the activity of which organ?

class I MHC complex

A liver cell in your body that has become infected by a virus would present an antigen on its own:
-class I MHC complex
-class II MHC complex

fats

A person who has had their gallbladder removed must closely monitor their intake of what?

histamine

Allergies are a result of excessive release of what?

an antigen

An epitope is part of:

cholesterol

Bile salts are made from:

true

T/F: Both B cells and T cells have receptors for antigens on their membranes

forms pores in cell membranes

Cytotoxic T cells release perforin, which does what?

4,000 mLs

During a record-setting performance at the bar, you manage to consume 1,000 mLs of alcohol. About how much water will you eliminate in your urine?

chymotrypsin

Eating a meal that is high in protein will result in increased release of which pancreatic enzyme?

damage to small intestine due to exposure to acidic chyme

Failure of the pancreas to secrete adequate levels of sodium bicarbonate might have which of the following consequences?

both humoral and cell-mediated immunity

Helper T cells are involved in:

by forming plasma cells and releasing antibodies

How do memory B cells help you avoid getting the same illness twice?

promote

If you were to measure the pH of chyme in the duodenum, and found it to be between 7-8, would this promote, or delay further emptying of gastric contents?

descending limb of loop of Henle

In which part of the nephron is Na+ not reabsorbed?

histamine

Increased blood flow to the site of injury is a result of _________ being released by mast cells.

large intestine

Increased vasopressin levels might be attributed to improper functioning of which digestive organ?

Na+

Reabsorption of _______ in the proximal tubule is active.

it is produced by the distal tubule

Select the incorrect statement about ADH.
-it is produced by the distal tubule
-it is also called vasopressin
-it is not secreted if the body consumes large amounts of water
-it stimulates reabsorption of water
-it is secreted if the body fluids become hypertonic

secretion

Some drugs are easily detected in the urine because of which process?

large intestine

The colon is part of which digestive organ?

basolateral membrane of tubular cells

The Na+-K+ ATPase transport system that plays a pivotal role in much of tubular reabsorption is located on the ______.

air from entering the esophagus during breathing

The pharyngoesophageal sphincter is normally closed to prevent what?

water

The purpose of the loop of Henle is to establish a concentration gradient that will allow for the reabsorption of ________ in the distal tubule and collecting duct.

only in the distal tubule and collecting duct

Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin __________.

attract more phagocytic cells

What is the purpose of cytokines in the inflammatory response?

maintain a chemical gradient

What is the purpose of the loop of Henle?

80%

What percentage of plasma entering the glomerulus is unfiltered and leaves through the efferent arteriole?

67%

What percentage of the total Na+ that gets reabsorbed takes place in the proximal tubule?

hydrogen ions increases

When the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic, the tubular secretion of _________.

ascending limb of loop of Henle

Where does 25% of the total Na+ reabsorbed take place?

cytotoxic T cells

Which cell type in the adaptive immune system would be most helpful in destroying cancerous cells in your body?

natural killer cells

Which cell type in the innate immune system would be most useful in battling cancerous cells?

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Which gastric hormone indirectly affects fat digestion?

aminopeptidase

Which is NOT a pancreatic hormone that is involved in protein digestion?

all of these

Which is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule?
-none of these
-all of these
-glucose
-amino acids
-urea

small intestine

Which is the primary absorptive organ of the digestive system?

pepsin

Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva?

maintain appropriate CO2 levels in blood

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

movement of the substance through tight junctions of tubular cells

Which of the following is NOT a step in transepithelial transport?

AIDS

Which of the following is NOT a type of autoimmune disease?

activation of cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following is NOT part of the humoral immune response?

T cell lymphocytes

Which of the following is NOT part of your innate immunity?

Na+

Which of the following is not usually one of the substances that is secreted during tubular secretion?

unbound antigen circulating in the blood

Which of the following will NOT be recognized by T cell lymphocytes?

variable region

Which part of an antibody physically makes contact with antigens?

fever

Which process is thought to control interferon release?

serosa

Which tissue layer of the digestive tract helps prevent damage from friction due to digestive motility?

B cell

Which type of lymphocyte divides during the humoral immune response?
-B cell
-T cell

increased Na+ in filtrate would lead to increased secretion of water in distal tubule

Why would drinking sea water make you more dehydrated?