facial bones positioning and techniques

75 kVp @ 20 mAs

what is the technique for the facial bones?

lateral facial bones

side closest to the IR, align the IOML to be parallel to the IR, CR is to the zygoma is what position?

the waters

rest chin on the bucky, align the MML to be perpendicular to the IR, CR exits the acanthion is what position?

PA caldwell

15* caudad angle, rest forehead and nose on the bucky, align the OML to be perpendicular to the IR, the CR exits the nasion is what position?

modified waters

rest chin and nose on the bucky, LML is perpendicular to the IR, CR exits the acanthion is what position?

the lateral nasal bones

75 kVp @ 2.5-3.2 mAs, collimate on all four sides, till within 2 inches of nasal bones, place side of interest closest to the IR, CR is ½ inches below the nasion is what position?

the suprioiferior (axial) nasal bones

55 kVp @ 5-6.4 mAs, angle as mug as needed to have the GAL parallel to the IR, CR skims the glabella and anterior upper teeth, CR is centered to the nasion is what position?

75 kVp @ 20 mAs

what is the technique for the optic foramina?

the parietorbital (rhese method)

collimate to 7×7, place the chin, cheek, and nose against the bucky, eyeball centered at the cross hairs, AML is perpendicular to IR, CR is centered to the downside orbit is what position?

the SMV

75 kVp @ 30 mAs, in chair, extend the patients head until the vertex is resting on the bucky, align the IMOL to be parallel to the IR, CR is centered 1 ½ inches below the mandibular symphysis is what position?

the oblique inferosuperior (tangential)

65 kVp @ 6 mAs, collimate to 5×7, in chair, put in SMV position and rotate the head 15* and tilt the chin 15* to the affected side, CR is centered to the zygoma arch of interest is what position?

AP axial (Townes method)

75 kVp @ 30 mAs, OML has a 30* cuadad angle or the IOML has a 37*caudad tube angle, in chair, tuck the chin, align the OML or IOML to be perpendicular to the IR, CR is centered 1 inch above the glabella is what position?

the zygomatic bones are in the center of the radiograph

in a true lateral what do we see?

the petrous ridges below the maxillary sinuses

in a PA waters what do we see?

petrous ridges in the lower 1/3rds of the orbits

in a PA axial caldwell what do we see?

the petrous ridges projected in the lower ½ of maxillary sinuses

in a modified waters what do we see?

the nasal bones free of superimposition

in a superoinferior position what should we see?