Chapter 9 - Industrialization - OV

Overview:

• Effects of Agricultural Revolution (Agrarian Revolution):
• (New farming technologies/practices) Increased farm/food productivity (This must happen before a country industrialized)
• Seed Drill-Jethro Tull ▪
• Townshend Crop Rotation Increased life expectancy (for middle & wealthy classes) Increased population Allows Industrial Revolution to Begin in England

Why England?

• England 1st: irregular coastline, plentiful natural resources, large labor supply, lots of capital
• Sufficient (Plenty) coal and iron ore reserves and a good transportation system Industrial Revolution: (depended on technological developments)

Causes:

• The shift from a man-made/domestic system + introduction of the factory system
• Demand for goods increased as goods became cheaper to produce “evils” of the factory system led to government regulation, reforms, and labor unions

Technological Effects:

• Railroads helped promote the factory system and urbanization (growth of cities)
• Urbanization and industrialization prompt changes in traditional beliefs and customs
• A growing and influential middle class emerges (increased social mobility)

Economic Effects:

• Economic Change Capitalism (U.S.A) ▪ (Free) Market system—prices based on supply and demand, motivated by profit ▪ Democratic Government—people are the source of gov’t power ▪
• Entrepreneurs—business people willing to risk their own money for profit
• Freedom to Pursue self-interest in a free market economy ▪
• Private property/business ownership

Social Effects:

• Class system (A growing middle class) ▪ Early Capitalism=Laissez fair capitalism (supported by Adam Smith in his book, Wealth of Nations)—minimal government involvement in business practices—let the market/owners make the economic decisions ●
  • Examples—free trade, no minimum wage or gov’t regulation (that comes later) o Social Darwinism—theory used to support capitalism ▪
• Survival of the fittest ▪ upward social mobility and work ethic are closely related ▪
• Individuals should succeed through their own efforts

Government Effects:

• Socialism—(Democratic Socialist Countries today: France, England, Canada) ▪
  • Usually democratic government
• Much of Business is controlled by society as a whole/gov’t control of business
• Brought on by evils of the Industrialization/factory system
• May have private ownership and classes
• Robert Owen & Jeremy Bentham=Utilitarians-greatest good for the greatest number (early socialists)
• Malthus-population will outgrow the food supply, famine, disease, and war are natural checks on population.
• David Ricardo Communism—Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels: The Communist Manifesto (book) ▪
• Government=dictatorship
• Brought on by evils of Industrialization/factory system

Revolts + Long-Term Effects:

• Revolution of the workers:
• Industrial Revolution benefits the wealthy and exploits (takes advantage of) the poor ●
• Proletariat (workers) overthrow Bourgeoisie (middle class) ▪
• Redistribution of wealth
• No private property rights/No freedoms
• Classless system
• Command economy—Government owns and makes all business decisions. All work for state ● “I command you to make phones and sell them at $50.00 a piece”

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