Each piece of music should express a single emotional idea, no contrast
What's the concept of the singularity in music?
New cards
2
Singularity, long spun-out melodies, motor rhythm, importance of harmony and counterpoint
What are some characteristics of baroque music? (4)
New cards
3
It carries the listener away
Why did romantic composers think Bach's Prelude \#1 was romantic?
New cards
4
Focus on the natural, shift away from complex counterpoint, shift towards periodic melody, simplification of texture, greater variety (but not too much), balance between opposing ideas
What are some traits of classical music? (How does it differ from baroque music?) (6)
New cards
5
Fast dramatic, slow lyric, moderate dance-minuet or fast joke-scherzo, and fast jubilant
What were the characteristics of the classical/romantic four movement model?
New cards
6
Sonata, variation, ternary, and rondo
What are the typical forms of the classical/romantic four movement model?
New cards
7
3rd or 4th
Which sections were most typically excluded from the classical/romantic four movement model?
New cards
8
A: Minuet or Scherzo, B: Trio, A: Minuet or Scherzo
What is ternary form?
New cards
9
Statement, statement, departure, return, departure, return (usually, for the last A of ABA, you don't repeat the statement, departure, or return again)
A transition B transition close, two different melodic ideas in two different keys
What happens in the exposition of sonata form?
New cards
12
Free section to do whatever
What happens in the development of a sonata form?
New cards
13
Restatement of exposition music, but stays in one key
What happens in the recapitulation of a sonata form?
New cards
14
Thought it was lesser because sounds without words have no moral significance, only sensory stimulation
What were Kant's thoughts on instrumental music?
New cards
15
In awe- believes it was created to preserve human emotion and that it does so in a way no other art can, also thinks looking too much into the "why" of music can ruin its beauty/divinity
What does Wackenroder think about music?
New cards
16
1750-1800
When did the classical period exist?
New cards
17
1815
When did the romantic era start?
New cards
18
Form, emotion
Whereas classical music focuses on [blank], romantic music focuses on [blank]
New cards
19
Nothing- they share the same ones
What's the difference between classical and romantic music forms?
New cards
20
Music \= pleasure, can't be emotionally engaged to value music, music is least valuable because it lacks morals, and music should be judged by reason
How does Kant see music? (4)
New cards
21
Judges music by emotion, touches what is intangible, what is important is what it generates in our minds, and knowing is feeling
How does Wackenroder see music? (4)
New cards
22
The idea of elevation (Kant is pleasure to beauty to good, Wackenroder is mundane to divine)
How do Kant and Wackenroder view music similarly?
New cards
23
Literature
Romantic ideas start in [blank]
New cards
24
Wordsworth (English poet), and the Schlegel brothers, who talked about nature and feeling (very anti-enlightenment ideas)
Who were some of the figures of romantic literature? What made them such?
New cards
25
His heroic period, struggle to victory (still has classicism of Mozart and Haydn + heroic nature of French music + philosophic stoicism)
What is Beethoven's middle period?
New cards
26
Pieces start out chaotic, but end victorious
What defines Beethoven's "struggle to victory"?
New cards
27
5th Symphony
What is an example of music form Beethoven's heroic period?
New cards
28
Purely abstract patterns that are transformed into something meaningful by the end
How does Beethoven build the 5th symphony?
New cards
29
Links the movements together through s-s-s-l in every movement, starts minor and descending moving towards major and ascending at the end
What does it mean that Beethoven's 5th symphony is cyclic?
New cards
30
There seems to be a goal
What does it mean that Beethoven's 5th symphony is teleological?
New cards
31
Clear melodies, longer melodies, clarity of form, wide variety of material
What are some Mozart traits? (4)
New cards
32
Organic growth, destabilizing the stable, concentrating ideas (motive), chiari/scuro contrast
What are some Beethoven traits? (4)
New cards
33
Extension of Mozart and Haydn (classical), but more emotional
How is Beethoven's early period defined?
New cards
34
Transcendent, contradictions- heroic, simple and folk-like, use of counterpoint, interest in past, stream of consciousness flow, sense of narrative
How is Beethoven's late period defined?
New cards
35
More dissonance, more forceful rhythm, greater build to climax, more motives, more interrelationship of material, more development and manipulation, more winds and brass
What does Beethoven's middle period sound like? (7)
New cards
36
Allegro con brio (sonata form), andante con moto (T&V), allegro (ternary form), allegro (sonata form)
What are the movements of Beethoven's 5th symphony?
New cards
37
Smooth, polished, light, delicate, form, pleasure
What are some characteristics of the beautiful? (6)
Finds a lyric, romantic side, seen in the Archduke Trio through singable (cantabile) melodies, lack of struggle
How does Beethoven's middle period music change in 1810? Where can this be seen?
New cards
42
Manipulation of patterns, the rules by which you make a good argument
What is rhetoric referring to in Beethoven's music?
New cards
43
Resetting the patterns
What is color referring to in Beethoven's music?
New cards
44
Intimate, inner, internal, personal
What does Innig mean? (hint: related to the Archduke trio)
New cards
45
Romantic, cantabile melodies, and innig don't fit in with the heroic struggle
Why doesn't Beethoven's music from 1810-1815 fit with his periods?
New cards
46
Rhetoric \= 5th symphony, Archduke trio \= color, rhetoric is about development, color is about presentation
Which of Beethoven's pieces uses rhetoric, which uses color? Why?
New cards
47
Figuration
What tool does Schubert use in his writing?
New cards
48
Juxtaposition, abrupt stops/starts, counterpoint
What are some traits characteristic of late Beethoven?
New cards
49
Can't compare them- like apples and oranges
What does Dahlhaus say about Beethoven and Rossini?
New cards
50
Beethoven's meaning is found on the page, Rossini's meaning is found in the performance
How do the philosophies of Beethoven and Rossini's works differ?
New cards
51
An Italian type of singing focused on muscle toning and rounded, clear sound, very melodic (smooth out breaks in voice)
What is bel canto?
New cards
52
Coloratura, articulation, dexterity, high notes, ornaments, passagi (fast, running passages)
What are some style characteristics of bel canto singing?
New cards
53
Folk
During the latter part of his middle period, Beethoven sets accompaniments to [blank] songs to make money, like with Ode to Joy
New cards
54
Changing of vocal sound on the notes
What is coloratura?
New cards
55
Conventions
What enabled Rossini to write many operas quickly?
New cards
56
A-A-B-A
What's the basic form of an aria?
New cards
57
Comic confusion, used in an ensemble finale, the finale to the first act of the comic opera
What is the idea of Imbroglio? When is it used?
New cards
58
String Quartet No. 13 in B-Flat, Op. 130
What piece is characteristic of Beethoven's late period?
New cards
59
1815
When does romantic music start?
New cards
60
Congress of Vienna
What happened in 1815 that was trying to put Europe back into a pre-Napoleonic mold?
New cards
61
Revolution
What happened in 1830?
New cards
62
More violent revolutions, and the Communist Manifesto
What happened in 1848?
New cards
63
The middle-class market wants to play pieces at home
Why did lieder become popular?
New cards
64
Salons built around the popularity of Schubert
What were Schubertiads?
New cards
65
Strophic form
When all text as the same music
New cards
66
Schubert
The artistic value of the song increases in the 19th century because of [blank].
New cards
67
In the 18th century, people were concerned with primacy of text- should support but not intrude with he music
How did people view songs in the 18th century?
New cards
68
Each line of text has its own musical setting
What does through-composed mean?
New cards
69
Certain kind of poem that is narrative, has a supernatural component, and a conversation
What is a ballade?
New cards
70
Erlkönig
What's an example of a ballade?
New cards
71
Third
Schubert composed over 600 songs, but only about a [blank] were published while he was alive
New cards
72
Narrator, father, son, and Erlkönig
Who are the 4 characters of Erlkönig?
New cards
73
Müller
Who wrote Die Wintereisse?
New cards
74
A poetic cycle of narrative poems
What is Die Wintereisse?
New cards
75
A form in which the music of the first verse repeats for subsequent verses but with some significant variation or modification (rhythmic, harmonic, melodic).
What's modified strophic form?
New cards
76
A set of songs grouped as a unit, with either some common textual theme or a common author; sometimes there are musical interconnections between songs.
What is a song cycle?
New cards
77
Modified Strophic
What's the form of Der Lindenbaum?
New cards
78
Not depictive, mostly looking to establish a feeling or color
How does Clara's setting of Liebst du um Schönheit vary from Schubert's settings of poems?
New cards
79
Found in mystery and emotion- over rationalizing something can kill it
What did the romantics think about truth?
New cards
80
Infinite, transcendent, folk, brilliance, historicism, lyric, intimate, and yearning
What are some distinctly romantic themes? (8)
New cards
81
Piece of music before something else (usually an opera)
What is an overture?
New cards
82
Mozart, Bach, and Beethoven
Who were Mendelssohn's influences?
New cards
83
Florestan and Eusebius
Who were the two personas of Schumann?
New cards
84
Contemplative
What is Eusebius's personality?
New cards
85
Effervescent, flowing
What is Florestan's personality?
New cards
86
Comedia dell'arte
Where does Schumann take inspiration for the characters of Pierrot and the Arlequin?
New cards
87
Droopy, white clown
Describe Pierrot
New cards
88
Bright, bouncy, jumping
Describe Arlequin
New cards
89
Mozart, Beethoven
Mendelssohn draws more inspiration from [blank], Schumann from [blank].
New cards
90
Jean Paul Richter and ETA Hoffman
Who were the authors that Schumann liked?
New cards
91
Kriesler
What character did ETA Hoffman create?
New cards
92
Neue Zeitschrift
What was the name of the newspaper that Schumann started?
New cards
93
Bach, via a performance of his St. Matthew Passion
Who was Mendelssohn responsible for reviving interest in?
New cards
94
Love of counterpoint (canons, fugues)
What characteristics of Bach does Mendelssohn show?
New cards
95
Variety of material, sense of melodic and formal balance, elegance
What characteristics of Mozart does Mendelssohn show?
New cards
96
Songs without words
What does Lieder ohne Worte translate to?
New cards
97
Romantic idea that suggests some meanings transcend words and are pure expression
What's the deal with Lieder one Worte?
New cards
98
Empty virtuosos
Who were the Philistines of music?
New cards
99
Like David, opposed the massive, popular giant, the brilliant style, believed music needed to mean something, higher purpose
Davidsbund
New cards
100
Schumann
Who created the idea of Davidsbund vs. the Phillistines?
Studied by 1 person
