Anatomy semester test

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155 Terms

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Reproductive
Male: seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis. Female: ovaries, fallopian, uterus. Produce offspring.
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Immune
Red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymphocyte: protects body with antibodies
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Nervous
Control Center: brain, sensory receptor, spinal cord: responds to internal and external changes.
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Urinary
Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra: eliminates nitrogenous wastes, regulates water, keeps acid base balance.
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Lymphatic
Thoratic duct, lymphatic vessels: Picks up blood leaked from blood, disposes of debris, housed white blood cells
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Muscular
Skeletal muscles: locomotion and facial expressions
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Digestive
eating: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, anus: breaks down food for energy and removes waste
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Cardiovascular
transport center: heart, blood: transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon, nutrients and wastes
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Skeletal
framework: bones, joints, cartilages: protects and supports body organs
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Respiratory
breathing: nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchus: keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
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Endocrine
hormone center: pineal gland, pituitary, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis, ovaries: regulate growth, reproduction, metabolism.
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Integumentary
external body covering: hair, skin, nails: protection, synthesizes, vitamin D, feelings
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Thoracic
chest
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Patellar
knee
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Gluteal
buttock
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Femoral
thigh
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Cervical
neck
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Cephalic
head
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Carpal
wrist
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Brachial
arm
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non-polar covalent bond
formed when electrons are shared equally
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Anion
atom that gains one or more electrons (negative charge)
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Cation
atom that loses one or more electrons (positive charge)
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Neutron
neutral subatomic particles
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Hydrogen bond
weak bonds that form when a hydrogen atom is attracted by another electronegative atom.
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Proton
subatomic particle with a positive charge
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Energy
the capacity to do work; stored or kinetic energy. No mass cannot be measured. put matter into motion.
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Polar covalent bond
electron density is unevenly shared between two atoms
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Matter
anything that occupies space and has mass; substance composing physical objects.
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Atom
the smallest particle of an elemental substance that exhibits the properties of that element. Protons, neutrons, electrons.
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Ionic Bond
a chemical bond formed by electron transfer between atoms.
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Molecule
a particle consisting of 2 or more atoms joined by chemical bonds.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
storage and modification area for proteins, mini-transport
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Nucleosomes
dense bodies that store ribosomes
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Ribosomes
facilitate protein making
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Golgi Bodies
cellular packaging site for exported substances
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Lysosomes
suicide sacs, digestive enzymes
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Centrioles
broad shaped bodies that spin the spindle
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Mitochondria
power house, ATP
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Cytoplasm
where most organelles are found
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Plasma membrane
external cell boundary, confines contents
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Nucleus
control center of the cell, contains DNA
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Chromosomes
dna bound to protein that appears as strands
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Adipose
largest cells in the body incapable of cell division, make up 90% of tissue mass, rich in vascularity, metabolic activity.
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Blood
hemocytoblast. fluid within blood vessels. atypical connective tissue. develops from mesenchyme.
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Dense Regular CT
packed bundles of collagen fibers running in same direction, forms tendons and ligaments, gives tissue flexibility and resistance to pulling forces. forms aponeuroses.
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Hyaline Cartilage
resistant to wear and tear. covers ends of long bones.
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Mesenchyme
first tissue formed, eventually specializes into all other connective tissues. embryonic CT
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Immune
Red bone marrow, thymus, spleen: protects the body with antibodies.
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Oral cavity
mouth containing the teeth and tongue
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Nasal Cavity
nose
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Orbital Cavity
house the eyes
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middle ear cavity
tiny bones of the ear
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synovial cavity
enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely movable joints of the body.
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dorsal body cavity
located nearer to the dorsal or posterior surface of the body
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cranial cavity
within which the brain is enclosed by the skull
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vertebral cavity
forms a body enclosure around spinal chord
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ventral cavity
anterior and larger body cavity
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viscera
group of internal organs housed in ventral cavity
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thoracic cavity
is surrounded by ribs and muscles of chest
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pleural cavity
housing the lungs
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pericardial cavity
encloses the heart
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mediastinum
remaining thoracic organs
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abdominopelvic
stomach
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superior(cranial)
toward head or upper body
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inferior(caudal)
toward the lower part of body
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anterior(ventral)
at the front of body
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posterior(dorsal)
at back of body
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medial
midline of body
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lateral
away from midline, outer side
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intermediate
a structure between a medial and lateral
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proximal
closer to the origin of body part
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distal
farther from the origin of body part
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superficial
at body surface
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deep
more internal
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Negative feedback
increase in output and decrease in input. variable change in an opposite direction of initial change: thermostat, temp regulation , blood glucose levels, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen.
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Positive feedback
result or response of the mechanism. enhances stimulus, activity is accelerated: blood clotting, and labor contractions
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Sagittal Plane
runs longitudinally and divides the body or organ into right and left portions (midsagittal- symmetrical and equal)
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Frontal Plane
longitudinally divides body into anterior and posterior (coronal plane)
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Transverse Plane
Horizontally divides body into superior and inferior parts
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Oblique plane
cuts between a horizontal and longitudinal plane
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Cardiology
heart disease
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Dermatology
skin disease
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Endocrinology
hormone- secreting glands
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Epidermiology
Infectious diseases and control
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Gastroenterology
diseases of the stomach and intestine
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Geriatrics
aging and problems with elderly people
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Gerontology
diseases of female reproductive system
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Hematology
blood and blood disease
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immunology
body resistance to disease
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Neurology
nervous system and diseases
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Obstetrics
pregnancy and childbirth
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oncology
tumors
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Opthamology
eye and disease
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orthopedics
deformities involving muscular and skeletal
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Otolaryngology
ear, throat, and larynx
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Pathology
body changes produced by disease
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pediatrics
diseases of children
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Pharmacology
drugs and uses in treatment of disease
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Psychiatry
disorders of the mind