Anatomy semester test

Reproductive

Male: seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis. Female: ovaries, fallopian, uterus. Produce offspring.

Immune

Red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymphocyte: protects body with antibodies

Nervous

Control Center: brain, sensory receptor, spinal cord: responds to internal and external changes.

Urinary

Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra: eliminates nitrogenous wastes, regulates water, keeps acid base balance.

Lymphatic

Thoratic duct, lymphatic vessels: Picks up blood leaked from blood, disposes of debris, housed white blood cells

Muscular

Skeletal muscles: locomotion and facial expressions

Digestive

eating: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, anus: breaks down food for energy and removes waste

Cardiovascular

transport center: heart, blood: transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon, nutrients and wastes

Skeletal

framework: bones, joints, cartilages: protects and supports body organs

Respiratory

breathing: nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchus: keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Endocrine

hormone center: pineal gland, pituitary, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis, ovaries: regulate growth, reproduction, metabolism.

Integumentary

external body covering: hair, skin, nails: protection, synthesizes, vitamin D, feelings

Thoracic

chest

Patellar

knee

Gluteal

buttock

Femoral

thigh

Cervical

neck

Cephalic

head

Carpal

wrist

Brachial

arm

non-polar covalent bond

formed when electrons are shared equally

Anion

atom that gains one or more electrons (negative charge)

Cation

atom that loses one or more electrons (positive charge)

Neutron

neutral subatomic particles

Hydrogen bond

weak bonds that form when a hydrogen atom is attracted by another electronegative atom.

Proton

subatomic particle with a positive charge

Energy

the capacity to do work; stored or kinetic energy. No mass cannot be measured. put matter into motion.

Polar covalent bond

electron density is unevenly shared between two atoms

Matter

anything that occupies space and has mass; substance composing physical objects.

Atom

the smallest particle of an elemental substance that exhibits the properties of that element. Protons, neutrons, electrons.

Ionic Bond

a chemical bond formed by electron transfer between atoms.

Molecule

a particle consisting of 2 or more atoms joined by chemical bonds.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

storage and modification area for proteins, mini-transport

Nucleosomes

dense bodies that store ribosomes

Ribosomes

facilitate protein making

Golgi Bodies

cellular packaging site for exported substances

Lysosomes

suicide sacs, digestive enzymes

Centrioles

broad shaped bodies that spin the spindle

Mitochondria

power house, ATP

Cytoplasm

where most organelles are found

Plasma membrane

external cell boundary, confines contents

Nucleus

control center of the cell, contains DNA

Chromosomes

dna bound to protein that appears as strands

Adipose

largest cells in the body incapable of cell division, make up 90% of tissue mass, rich in vascularity, metabolic activity.

Blood

hemocytoblast. fluid within blood vessels. atypical connective tissue. develops from mesenchyme.

Dense Regular CT

packed bundles of collagen fibers running in same direction, forms tendons and ligaments, gives tissue flexibility and resistance to pulling forces. forms aponeuroses.

Hyaline Cartilage

resistant to wear and tear. covers ends of long bones.

Mesenchyme

first tissue formed, eventually specializes into all other connective tissues. embryonic CT

Immune

Red bone marrow, thymus, spleen: protects the body with antibodies.

Oral cavity

mouth containing the teeth and tongue

Nasal Cavity

nose

Orbital Cavity

house the eyes

middle ear cavity

tiny bones of the ear

synovial cavity

enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely movable joints of the body.

dorsal body cavity

located nearer to the dorsal or posterior surface of the body

cranial cavity

within which the brain is enclosed by the skull

vertebral cavity

forms a body enclosure around spinal chord

ventral cavity

anterior and larger body cavity

viscera

group of internal organs housed in ventral cavity

thoracic cavity

is surrounded by ribs and muscles of chest

pleural cavity

housing the lungs

pericardial cavity

encloses the heart

mediastinum

remaining thoracic organs

abdominopelvic

stomach

superior(cranial)

toward head or upper body

inferior(caudal)

toward the lower part of body

anterior(ventral)

at the front of body

posterior(dorsal)

at back of body

medial

midline of body

lateral

away from midline, outer side

intermediate

a structure between a medial and lateral

proximal

closer to the origin of body part

distal

farther from the origin of body part

superficial

at body surface

deep

more internal

Negative feedback

increase in output and decrease in input. variable change in an opposite direction of initial change: thermostat, temp regulation , blood glucose levels, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen.

Positive feedback

result or response of the mechanism. enhances stimulus, activity is accelerated: blood clotting, and labor contractions

Sagittal Plane

runs longitudinally and divides the body or organ into right and left portions (midsagittal- symmetrical and equal)

Frontal Plane

longitudinally divides body into anterior and posterior (coronal plane)

Transverse Plane

Horizontally divides body into superior and inferior parts

Oblique plane

cuts between a horizontal and longitudinal plane

Cardiology

heart disease

Dermatology

skin disease

Endocrinology

hormone- secreting glands

Epidermiology

Infectious diseases and control

Gastroenterology

diseases of the stomach and intestine

Geriatrics

aging and problems with elderly people

Gerontology

diseases of female reproductive system

Hematology

blood and blood disease

immunology

body resistance to disease

Neurology

nervous system and diseases

Obstetrics

pregnancy and childbirth

oncology

tumors

Opthamology

eye and disease

orthopedics

deformities involving muscular and skeletal

Otolaryngology

ear, throat, and larynx

Pathology

body changes produced by disease

pediatrics

diseases of children

Pharmacology

drugs and uses in treatment of disease

Psychiatry

disorders of the mind