Chapter 4 Joints

What are joints?

Joints are points of contact or articulations between two connected bones

What are the three main types?

1. Fibrous Joints

2. Cartilaginous Joints

3. Synovial Joints

Fibrous Joints

Allow NO MOVEMENT and are bound tightly together by connective tissues. These joints are found in sutures in our skulls.

Cartilaginous Joints

Bones are connected by cartilage which permits SLIGHT movement. The intervertebral discs in our spine are this type of joint.

Synovial Joints

Allow the MOST movement where the bones are separated by lubricating fluid. Ex. Knee, ankle

Which type of joint permits slight movement and are bones that are connected by cartilage?

Cartilaginous Joints

What type of joint is an intervertebral disc?

Cartilaginous Joints

What type of joint allows no movement and is bound tightly together by connective tissues?

Fibrous Joints

Which type of joint allow movement and is separated by lubricating fluid?

Synovial Joints

Proper naming of Lubricating Fluid

Synovial Fluid

Function of synovial fluid

Reduces friction between bones.

Fill in: These joints are held together by tough elastic tissues called _________ which enclose the ends of the bones at the joint called ___________ _______

Ligaments

Articulating Bones

What does the enclosed bones and ligaments form into?

They form into a Capsule

What does it contain?

Synovial Fluid

Located at the end of the bones which comes into contact, protect the bones and acts a shock absorber

Articulating Capsule

Contains the synovial and protect it from leaking out

Joint Capsule

Joint Cavity

area in between the articulating bones, filled with synovial fluid, provides nutrients for cartilage and reduces friction

Bursa

small, fluid filled in sacs found at the friction points between ligaments, tendons and bones

Ligaments

thicken and refinforce joint capsule

How many types of synovial joints are there?

6

Gliding Joints

connect flat or curved surfaces surfaces, allow for shifting in side to side and up down, found between your tarsals and carpals

Hinge Joints

Have a convex portion on one bone fitting into a concave portion of another bone, allow for movement in one plane, found in your elbow and phalanges

Pivot Joints

a rounded point of a bone, fits into a groove of another, allows for movement. allows for movement in one plane, example is found between C1 atlas and C2 axis vertebrae.

Saddle Joints

articulating bones have concave and convex surfaces, allows movement in two planes, does not allow rotation, can be found in your thumb.

Ball-And-Socket-Joints

The head of one ball fits into a “socket” of the other, allows for movement in all 3 axes, ex: hip/shoulder